Opisna logika

Opisna logika (engl. Description logics, DL) je porodica jezika za formalno predstavljanje znanja. Mnoge opisne logike su ekspresivnije od propozicione logike, ali manje ekspresivne od logike prvog reda. Za razliku od potonje, sržni problemi rasuđivanja za opisnu logiku su (obično) rešivi, a efikasne procedure odlučivanja su dizajnirane i primenjene za ove probleme. Postoje opšta, prostorna, vremenska, prostorno vremenska i rasplinuta opisna logika, i svaka opisna logika karakteriše drugačiji balans između izražajne moći i složenosti rasuđivanja podržavajući različite skupove matematičkih konstruktora.[1]

Opisna logika se koristi u veštačkoj inteligenciji za opisivanje i obrazloženje relevantnih koncepata domena aplikacije (poznatog kao terminološko znanje). To je od posebnog značaja u obezbeđivanju logičkog formalizma za ontologije i semantičku mrežu: veb ontološki jezik (OWL) i njegovi profili su zasnovani na opisnoj logici. Najznačajnija primena opisne logike i OWL je u biomedicinskoj informatici gde opisna logika pomaže u kodifikaciji biomedicinskog znanja.

Uvod

Opisna logika modeluje koncepte, uloge i pojedince i njihove odnose.

Osnovni koncept ovog vida modelovanja je aksiom — logički iskaz koji se odnosi na uloge i/ili koncepte.[2] Ovo je ključna razlika od paradigme okvira gde specifikacija okvira deklariše i potpuno definiše klasu.[2]

Reference

  1. ^ Sikos, Leslie F. (2017). Description Logics in Multimedia Reasoning. Cham: Springer International Publishing. ISBN 978-3-319-54066-5. S2CID 3180114. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54066-5. 
  2. ^ а б Grau, B. C.; Horrocks, I.; Motik, B.; Parsia, B.; Patel-Schneider, P. F.; Sattler, U. (2008). „OWL 2: The next step for OWL” (PDF). Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web. 6 (4): 309—322. doi:10.1016/j.websem.2008.05.001. 

Literatura

Spoljašnje veze

  • Description Logic Complexity Navigator, maintained by Evgeny Zolin at the Department of Computer Science
  • List of Reasoners, OWL research at the University of Manchester
  • Description Logics Workshop, homepage of the collecting information about the community and archives of the workshop proceedings
  • CEL is an open source LISP-based reasoner (Apache 2.0 License).
  • Cerebra Engine was a commercial C++-based reasoner, acquired in 2006 by webMethods.
  • FaCT++ is a free open-source C++-based reasoner.
  • KAON2 is a free (for non-commercial use) Java-based reasoner, offering fast reasoning support for OWL ontologies.
  • MSPASS is a free open-source C reasoner for numerous DL models.
  • Pellet is a dual-licensed (AGPL and proprietary) commercial, Java-based reasoner.
  • RacerPro of Racer Systems was a commercial (free trials and research licenses are available) lisp-based reasoner, today both an open source version of RACER exists from the original developers at Lübeck University using the BSD 3 license, and also a commercialized version, still named RacerPro by Franz Inc.
  • Sim-DL is a free open-source Java-based reasoner for the language ALCHQ. It also provides a similarity measurement functionality between concepts. To access this functionality a Protégé plugin can be used.
  • HermiT is an open-source reasoner based on the "hypertableau" calculus. It is developed by the University of Oxford.
  • Owlready2 is a package for ontology-oriented programming in Python. It can load OWL 2.0 ontologies as Python objects, modify them, save them, and perform reasoning via HermiT (included). Owlready2 allows a transparent access to OWL ontologies (contrary to usual Java-based API).

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