Detekcija ivica

Detekcija ivica uključuje različite matematičke metode koje imaju za cilj identifikaciju ivica, definisanih kao krive na digitalnoj slici na kojima se osvetljenost[1][2] slike naglo menja ili, formalnije, ima diskontinuitet.[3][4][5] and Karl R. Stromberg[6] Isti problem pronalaženja diskontinuiteta u jednodimenzionalnim signalima poznat je kao detekcija koraka, a problem pronalaženja diskontinuiteta signala tokom vremena poznat je kao detekcija promena. Detekcija ivica je osnovni alat u obradi slike, mašinskom i kompjuterskom vidu, posebno u oblastima detekcije i izdvajanja karakteristika.[7]

Motivacije

Optimalna detekcija ivica primenjena na fotografiju[8][9]

Svrha otkrivanja oštrih promena u osvetljenosti slike je da se spoznaju važna događanja i promene u svojstvima sveta. Može se pokazati da pod prilično opštim pretpostavkama za model formiranja slike, diskontinuiteti u osvetljenosti slike verovatno odgovaraju:[10][11]

  • diskontinuiteti u dubini,
  • diskontinuiteti u površinskoj orijentaciji,
  • promene svojstava materijala i
  • varijacije u osvetljenju scene.

U idealnom slučaju, rezultat primene detektora ivica na sliku može dovesti do skupa povezanih krivih koje ukazuju na granice objekata, granice površinskih oznaka kao i krive koje odgovaraju diskontinuitetima u površinskoj orijentaciji. Stoga, primena algoritma za detekciju ivica na slici može značajno smanjiti količinu podataka koji se obrađuju i stoga može filtrirati informacije koje se mogu smatrati manje relevantnim, uz očuvanje važnih strukturnih svojstava slika. Ako je korak detekcije ivica uspešan, naknadni zadatak tumačenja sadržaja informacija u originalnoj slici može biti značajno pojednostavljen. Međutim, nije uvek moguće dobiti takve idealne ivice iz realnih slika umerene složenosti.

Ivice izdvojene iz netrivijalnih slika često su otežane fragmentacijom, što znači da ivične krive nisu povezane, nedostaju segmenti ivica kao i lažne ivice koje ne odgovaraju zanimljivim pojavama na slici – što komplikuje kasniji zadatak tumačenja podataka slike.[12]

Detekcija ivica je jedan od osnovnih koraka u obradi slike, analizi slike, prepoznavanju uzoraka slika i tehnikama kompjuterskog vida.

Reference

  1. ^ ISO/CIE 23539:2023 CIE TC 2-93 Photometry — The CIE system of physical photometry (на језику: енглески). ISO/CIE. 2023. doi:10.25039/IS0.CIE.23539.2023. 
  2. ^ Schneider, T.; Young, R.; Bergen, T.; Dam-Hansen, C; Goodman, T.; Jordan, W.; Lee, D.-H; Okura, T.; Sperfeld, P.; Thorseth, A; Zong, Y. (2022). CIE 250:2022 Spectroradiometric Measurement of Optical Radiation Sources. Vienna: CIE - International Commission on Illumination. ISBN 978-3-902842-23-7. 
  3. ^ Stromberg, Karl R. (2015). An Introduction to Classical Real Analysis (на језику: енглески). American Mathematical Society. стр. 120. Ex. 3 (c). ISBN 978-1-4704-2544-9. 
  4. ^ Apostol, Tom (1974). Mathematical Analysis (на језику: енглески) (second изд.). Addison and Wesley. стр. 92, sec. 4.22, sec. 4.23 and Ex. 4.63. ISBN 0-201-00288-4. 
  5. ^ Walter, Rudin (1976). Principles of Mathematical Analysis (на језику: енглески) (third изд.). McGraw-Hill. стр. 94, Def. 4.26, Thms. 4.29 and 4.30. ISBN 0-07-085613-3. 
  6. ^ Stromberg, Karl R. Op. cit. (на језику: енглески). стр. 128, Def. 3.87, Thm. 3.90. 
  7. ^ Umbaugh, Scott E (2010). Digital image processing and analysis : human and computer vision applications with CVIPtools (2nd изд.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-0205-2. 
  8. ^ Canny, J (1986). „A Computational Approach To Edge Detection”. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 8 (6): 679—698. , .
  9. ^ R. Deriche, Using Canny's criteria to derive a recursively implemented optimal edge detector, Int. J. Computer Vision, Vol. 1, pp. 167–187, April 1987.
  10. ^ H.G. Barrow and J.M. Tenenbaum (1981). „Interpreting line drawings as three-dimensional surfaces”. Artificial Intelligence. 17 (1-3): 75—116. .
  11. ^ Lindeberg, Tony (2001) [1994], „Edge detection”, Ур.: Hazewinkel, Michiel, Encyclopedia of Mathematics, Springer Science+Business Media B.V. / Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 978-1-55608-010-4 
  12. ^ T. Lindeberg (1998) "Edge detection and ridge detection with automatic scale selection", International Journal of Computer Vision, 30, 2, pages 117–154.

Literatura

Dodatna literatura

  • Entry on edge detection in Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering. ISBN 9780470050118. 

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