Net international investment position

US Net International Investment Position

The net international investment position (NIIP) is the difference between the external financial assets and liabilities of a country.[1] External debt of a country includes government debt and private debt. External assets publicly and privately held by a country's legal residents are also taken into account when calculating NIIP.[2] Commodities and currencies tend to follow a cyclical pattern of significant valuation changes, which is also reflected in NIIP.

The International investment position (IIP) of a country is a financial statement of the value and composition of its external financial assets and liabilities. A positive NIIP value indicates that a nation is a creditor nation, while a negative value indicates that it is a debtor nation.

World

In 1980, the United States net international-creditor position was bigger than the total net creditor-positions of all the other countries in the world.[3] Only six years later, in 1986, when the nation’s international investment position was at a year-end negative $107.4 billion, the U.S. became a net-debtor nation for the first time since 1914, when its nominal debt had reached $2 billion.[4] By 1990, the U.S. was the world's largest debtor[3] By end-2020, the country’s net international-investment position was a negative $14 trillion, an amount representing how much more the U.S. owed to the rest of the world than the rest of the world owed to the U.S.[5] At the end of 2022, it stood at a negative $16 trillion.[6]

List of countries and regions by net international investment position (NIIP)

Statistics (mainly around 2021)
Countries and regions Date NIIP[7]
(US$ millions) 		Date GDP[8]
(US $millions) 		Date NIIP
(% GDP)
 Albania 2021Q1 -9,028 2021 17,138 2019 −52.1
 Andorra 2020 +7,658[9][10] 2020 2,890[10] 2022 339.9[11]
 Argentina 2021Q1 +128,627 2021 418,150 2019 26.3
 Armenia 2021Q1 -10,124 2021 12,251 2019 −73.1
 Australia 2021Q1 -664,900 2021 1,617,543 2021 −41.1
 Austria 2021Q1 +58,662 2021 481,796 2023Q2 17.6[12]
 Bangladesh 2021Q1 -44,673 2021 352,908 2019 −13.5
 Belarus 2021Q1 -31,417 2021 60,725 2021 −51.7
 Belgium 2021Q1 +263,132 2021 578,996 2023Q2 59.1[12]
 Bhutan 2021Q1 -2,585 2021 2,480 2021 −104.2
 Brazil 2021Q1 -460,181 2021 1,491,772 2019 −39.6
 Bulgaria 2021Q1 -17,228 2021 77,782 2023Q2 −13.2[12]
 Cambodia 2021Q1 -25,658 2021 27,239 2021 −94.2
 Canada 2021Q1 +1,105,744 2021 1,883,487 2021 58.7
 Chile 2021Q1 -28,989 2021 307,938 2021 −9.4
 People's Republic of China 2021Q1 +2,140,041 2021 16,642,318 2021 12.9
 Colombia 2021Q1 -171,915 2021 295,610 2019 −51.7
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 2018 -19,779 2021 55,088 2018 −42.0
 Croatia 2020 -31,558 2021 65,217 2023Q2 −25.1[12]
 Cyprus 2021Q1 -35,545 2021 26,479 2023Q2 −99.7[12]
 Czech Republic 2021Q1 -24,507 2021 276,109 2023Q2 −16.9[12]
 Denmark 2021Q1 +278,307 2021 392,570 2023Q2 61.7[12]
 Egypt 2021Q1 -209,599 2021 394,284 2021 −53.2
 Estonia 2021Q1 -6,872 2021 35,187 2023Q2 −22.7[12]
 Finland 2021Q1 +24,303 2021 300,484 2023Q2 3.1[12]
 France 2021Q1 -889,171 2021 2,938,271 2023Q2 −29.9[12]
 Germany 2021Q1 +3,055,922 2021 4,319,286 2023Q2 68.6[12]
 Greece 2021Q1 -352,272 2021 209,857 2023Q2 −144.2[12]
 Hong Kong 2021Q1 +2,163,155 2021 368,633 2021 586.8
 Hungary 2021Q1 -74,450 2021 176,543 2023Q2 −50.6[12]
 Iceland 2021Q1 +8,466 2021 24,155 2019(Q1) 21[13]
 India 2021 -379,300 2021 3,049,704 March 2020 −14[14]
 Indonesia 2021Q1 -268,597 2021 1,158,783 2019 −30.4
 Ireland 2020Q3 -705,962 2021 476,663 2023Q2 −108.8[12]
 Israel 2021Q1 +190,555 2021 446,708 2021 42.7
 Italy 2021Q1 +40,176 2021 2,106,287 2023Q2 5.3[12]
 Japan 2021Q1 +3,375,849 2021 5,378,136 2021 62.8
 Kazakhstan 2021Q1 -74,204 2021 187,836 2019 −36.2
 Kuwait 2020 +89,847 2021 126,930 2019 69.7
 Latvia 2021Q1 -11,806 2021 37,720 2023Q2 −26.2[12]
 Lithuania 2021Q1 -7,821 2021 62,198 2023Q2 −2.6[12]
 Luxembourg 2021Q1 +40,328 2021 84,077 2021Q2 43.4[12]
 Malaysia 2021Q1 +25,589 2021 387,093 2020 5.9
 Malta 2020Q3 +9,100 2021 16,476 2023Q2 76.4[12]
 Mexico 2021Q1 -586,528 2021 1,192,480 2019 −51.4
 Mongolia 2021Q1 -37,419 2021 14,233 2021 −262.9
 Montenegro 2018 -9,044 2021 5,651 2018 −178.8
 Mozambique 2021Q1 -59,996 2021 13,957 2021 −429.9
 Netherlands 2021Q1 +959,049 2021 1,012,598 2023Q2 68.5[12]
 New Zealand 2021Q1 -112,488 2021 243,332 2019 −46.2
 Nicaragua 2020 -14,456 2021 12,283 2019 −119.9
 Nigeria 2020 -85,211 2021 514,049 2019 −16.3
 Norway 2021Q1 +1,175,781 2021 444,519 2021 264.5
 Pakistan 2021Q1 -116,935 2021 262,799 2021 −44.5
 Panama 2020 -64,857 2021 59,377 2020 −122.5
 Peru 2020Q2 -86,078 2021 225,918 2018 −37.4
 Philippines 2021Q1 -15,322 2021 402,638 2020 −5.6
 Poland 2021Q1 -254,623 2021 642,121 2023Q2 −32.2[12]
 Portugal 2021Q1 -246,961 2021 257,391 2023Q2 −76.9[12]
 Romania 2021Q1 -121,438 2021 289,130 2023Q2 −40.0[12]
 Russia 2021Q1 +458,533 2021 1,710,734 2021 26.8
 Saudi Arabia 2021Q1 +587,883 2021 804,921 2021 73.0
 Serbia 2021Q1 -49,970 2021 60,435 2019 −88.5
 Singapore 2021Q1 +1,035,082 2021 374,934 2021 276.1
 Slovakia 2021Q1 -67,785 2021 117,664 2023Q2 −57.6[12]
 Slovenia 2021Q1 -4,876 2021 59,132 2023Q2 0.7[12]
 South Africa 2021Q1 +97,342 2021 329,529 2021 29.5
 South Korea 2021Q1 +477,517 2021 1,806,707 2021 26.4
 Spain 2021Q1 -1,096,594 2021 1,461,552 2023Q2 −56.6[12]
 Sudan 2018 -85,180 2021 35,827 2018 −248.5
 Sweden 2021Q1 +116,427 2021 625,948 2023Q2 44.0[12]
 Switzerland 2021Q1 +808,373 2021 824,734 2021 98.0
 Taiwan 2020 +1,371,420[15] 2021 759,104 2020 205.1
 Thailand 2021Q1 +36,251 2021 538,735 2019 11.0
 Tunisia 2019 -63,678 2021 44,265 2019 −162.6
 Turkey 2021Q2 -280,624 2021 794,530 2021 −35.3
 Uganda 2019 -18,640 2021 41,271 2019 −60.8
 Ukraine 2021Q1 -21,613 2021 164,593 2021 −13.1
 United Kingdom 2021Q1 -802,202 2021 3,124,650 2021 −25.7
 United States 2022Q4 -16,112,100 2022 20,182,500 2022Q4[16] −79.8
 Uzbekistan 2021Q1 +18,494 2021 61,203 2021 30.2
 Zambia 2020Q3 -28,177 2021 18,955 2019 −116.5

See also

References

  1. ^ Bivens, L. Josh (December 14, 2004). "Debt and the dollar: The United States damages future living standards by borrowing itself into a deceptively deep hole". Epinet.org. Archived from the original on January 20, 2008. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
  2. ^ Ministry of Economic and Finance of Argentina International Investment Position Methodology page.1
  3. ^ a b Aliber, Robert (31 January 2021). "Why did the United States Evolve from the Largest International Creditor in 1980 to the Largest International Debtor in 1990?". Atlantic Economic Journal. 48: 405–411. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  4. ^ "U.S. Becomes the World's Largest Debtor Country". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 24 June 1986. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  5. ^ "U.S. International Investment Position, Fourth Quarter and Year 2020". BEA News. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  6. ^ "U.S. International Investment Position, 4th Quarter and Year 2022" (PDF). BEA News. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 29 March 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  7. ^ "IMF Data". data.imf.org. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  8. ^ "Report for Selected Country Groups and Subjects". International Monetary Fund.
  9. ^ "Fitch Upgrades Andorra to 'A-'; Outlook Stable". 8 July 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  10. ^ a b "GDP (current US$) - Andorra". World Bank. 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  11. ^ "2023 ARTICLE IV CONSULTATION—PRESS RELEASE; STAFF REPORT; AND STATEMENT BY THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR FOR THE PRINCIPALITY OF ANDORRA". IMF. March 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "Net international investment position - quarterly data, % of GDP". Eurostat. 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  13. ^ Central Bank of Iceland
  14. ^ "India's International Investment Position (IIP), March 2020". Reserve Bank of India. Retrieved 2021-01-30.
  15. ^ Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
  16. ^ "Gross Domestic Product (Third Estimate), Corporate Profits, and GDP by Industry, Fourth Quarter and Year 2022" (PDF). BEA News. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.

Statistics