Sinaptična špranja

Značilna zgradba kemične sinapse


</noinclude> Sinaptična špranja je ozek presledek med živčnim končičem presinaptičnega nevrona in postsinaptičnim nevronom ali efektorjem.[1] V širino meri povprečno 0,02 mikrona.[2]

Živčni impulz v obliki akcijskega potenciala pripotuje po presinaptičnem nevronu do živčnega končiča. Pri prenosu dražljaja preko sinaptične špranje najprej sinaptični mešički, ki vsebujejo živčni prenašalec, potujejo proti presinaptični membrani in se z njo zlijejo.[2] Živčni prenašalec se sprosti v sinaptično špranjo ter po njej difundira do receptorjev na postsinaptičnem nevronu. Po vezavi živčnega prenašalca na receptor se v membrani postsinaptičnega nevrona odprejo natrijevi kanalčki, kar povzroči vplavljanje pozitivno nabitih natrijevih ionov v postsinaptični nevron.[3] S tem se spremeni membranski potencial postsinaptičnega nevrona, ki v ustreznih okoliščinah sproži nastanek akcijskega potenciala.[4]

Vezava živčnega prenašalca na receptor postsinaptičnega nevrona je praviloma povratna (reverzibilna), kar pomeni, da se zopet sprosti in ga lahko encimi v sinaptični špranji razgradijo ali pa ga presinaptični nevron ponovno privzame preko prenašalnih molekul v njegovi membrani.[4]

Sklici

  1. ↑ http://www.termania.net/slovarji/slovenski-medicinski-slovar/5540816/spranja?dictionaries=95&query=%C5%A1pranja&SearchIn=All, Slovenski medicinski e-slovar, vpogled: 4. 1. 2016.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 http://www.britannica.com/science/synapse#ref284813, vpogled: 4. 1. 2015.
  3. ↑ http://www.biologie-schule.de/synapse-aufbau.php, vpogled: 4. 1. 2016.
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Bruce Alberts u. a.: Lehrbuch der Molekularen Zellbiologie. 2., korr. Auflage. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2001, ISBN 3-527-30493-2, S. 426–428.

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