Polkovnik

Polkovnik (angleško Colonel; nemško Oberst) je visoki častniški čin, ki po navadi poveljuje polku oz. formaciji ustrezne velikosti. V vojni mornarici mu po navadi ustreza čin kapitana, pri nas natančneje kapitana bojne ladje.

Slovenska vojska:


Etimologija

V sodobnih evropskih oboroženih silah (in iz njih izhajajočih) so se izoblikovale tri skupine imena čina: romanski (Coronel), germanski (Oberst) in slovanski (polkovnik).

Coronel

Romansko ime čina se je pojavilo zaradi vojaških reform kralja Ferdinanda II. Aragonskega. Okoli leta 1505 je tako del svoje vojske preoblikoval v 20 enot, katere je poimenoval colunelas (kolone); slednje so imele med 1000 do 1250 vojakov in so se še naprej delile na čete. Poveljnik kolone je imel naziv cabo de colunela (vodja kolone); sčasoma pa se je naziv skrajšal samo na colunel. Ker pa so bile to kraljeve enote, so enote imele tudi naziv coronelias in poveljniki coronels. Pozneje v 16. stoletju pa so Francozi prevzeli idejo o preoblikovanju vojske in so tako posledično v 17. stoletju ustanovili prve polke; obdržali pa so naziv Colonel ([colonel]). Po francoskem zgledu pa so šli Britanci, ki so tudi sami uvedli tako polke kot čin Colonel, pri čemer pa so prevzeli špansko in ne francosko izgovorjavo (/ˈkɜrnəl/). Zaradi britanskega in francoskega kolonialnega imperija (ter vplivnega področja) se je tako čin Colonel razširil po svetu.[1]

Danes slednjo obliko čina (oz. različico) uporabljajo:

Oberst

V 16. stoletju se je v nemško-govorečem prostoru izoblikoval naziv za poveljnika enote, ki je združevala več čet. Slednjim so poveljevali stotniki (oz. Hauptmanni; dobesedno Glavni možje), poveljnikov večje enote - današnjega polka - (in s tem stotnikov) pa so nadali nazive: Oberster Feldhauptmann (Najvišji poljski glavni mož oz. Najvišji poljski stotnik) oz. Oberster Hauptmann (Najvišji stotnik); sčasoma pa se je naziv skrajšal na Obrister oz. nazadnje Oberst. Od leta 1945 se za čin Obersta uporablja kratica Obst.

Danes slednjo obliko čina (oz. različico) uporabljajo:

Polkovnik

V 16. stoletju so v številnih srednje- in vzhodnoevropskih vojskah po zgledu zahodnoevropskih držav uvedli polke, pri čemer samo ime za polk izhaja iz stare slovanščine (plk oz. polk), ki označuje enoto stoječe/aktivne vojske. Ime čina (polkovnik) tako označuje osebo, ki poveljuje polku.

Danes slednjo obliko čina (oz. različico) uporabljajo:

Druge države

Galerija

Končni čin

V nekaterih oboroženih silah je čin polkovnika najvišji možni čin, saj ne obstaja višji generalski čin:

Viri in opombe

  1. ↑ »History.navy.mil - Why is the Colonel Called "Kernal"?«. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 20. decembra 2011. Pridobljeno 3. septembra 2011.

Glej tudi

Vojaški čini
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Podpolkovnik 		Častniki Višji:
Brigadir
Brigadni general

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