Hidžra (islam)

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Za socialno skupino v Indiji z istim imenom glej hidžra (Indija).

Hidžra (tudi hedžra; pomeni »beg« oz. »umik«) je selitev Mohameda in njegovih privžencev v Medino leta 622. To arabsko besedo včasih zapisujejo kot hidžrah ali hegira v latinščini.

V začetku prerok Mohamed, ki je naznanjal nauk boga po imenu Alah in napovedoval grožnjo sodnega dne, sprva ni imel veliko uspeha v Meki. Njegovo pleme Kurejši, ki je bilo zadolženo za kaabo, svetišče arabskih poganskih bogov, ga je neprestano preganjalo in nadlegovalo.

Skupaj s svojimi privrženci se je septembra 622 izselil v Jathrib, 320 km severno od Meke. Jathrib so kmalu preimenovali v Madinat un-Nabi, »Mesto preroka«, oziroma Medina. Muslimansko leto, v katerem se je zgodila hidžra, je leta 638 (»leto hidžre« 17) drugi kalif Omar ibn al-Katab označil kot prvo leto muslimanskega koledarja. Spodaj je naveden časovni pregled dogodkov v Medini, katere okolico so poimenovali Jathrib.

Časovni pregled hidžre:

  • 1. dan: torek 26. safar, leto hidžre 1, 9. september 622
    • zapusti dom v Meki. Ostane tri dni v jami Thavr blizu Meke.
  • 5. dan: ponedeljek 1. rabi' I., leto hidžre 1, 13. september 622
    • zapusti okolico Meke. Potuje v pokrajino okoli Jathriba.
  • 12. dan: ponedeljek 8. rabi' I., leto hidžre 1, 20. september 622
    • prispe v Kvubo' blizu Medine.
  • 16. dan: petek 12. rabi' I., leto hidžre 1, 24. september 622
    • prvi obisk Medine za petkove molitve.
  • 26. dan: ponedeljek 22. rabi' I., leto hidžre 1, 4. oktober 622
    • se preseli iz Kvube' v Medino.

Muslimanski datumi so v islamskem koledarju razširjeni nazaj v času, podobno kot se lahko gregorijanski koledar razširi s proleptičnim gregorijanskim koledarjem.

Zahodni datumi so v julijanskem koledarju.

1. rabi' I. je dva meseca po 1. moharemu, prvemu dnevu muslimanskega leta.

Veliko piscev zamenjuje prvi dan hidžre s hidžro samo in napačno navaja, da je hidžra nastopila 1. moharema leta hidžre 1, oziroma 16. julija 622.

Glej tudi

Viri

  • Shamsi, F. A. (1984). »Datum hidžre (The Date of Hijrah)«. Islamic Studies. Zv. 23. str. 189–224, 289–323.

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