Andromedina galaksija

Andromedina galaksija
Slika Andromedine galaksije v vidni svetlobi skozi filter Hα.
Opazovalni podatki (epoha J2000,0)
OzvezdjeAndromeda
Rektascenzija00h 42m 44,324s [1]
Deklinacija+41° 16′ 08,53″ [1]
Rdeči premik-0,001001 ± 0,000013 [1]
Helioc. radialna hitrost−301 ± 1 [2]
Oddaljenost2,54 ± 0,06 Msv. l.
(778 ± 17 kpc)[3][2][4][5][6][a]
Navidezni sij (V)4,36 [1]
Absolutni izsev (V)−20,0[b][4]
Značilnosti
TipSA(s)b [1]
Navidezna velikost (V)190′ × 60′ [1]
Druge oznake
M31, NGC 224, UGC 454, PGC 2557[1]
Glej tudi: galaksija, seznam galaksij

(Velika) Andromedina galaksija (znana tudi kot Messier 31, M31 ali NGC 224) je velika spiralna galaksija brez prečke v Krajevni skupini skupaj s krajevno Galaksijo. Nahaja se približno na oddaljenosti 2,36 milijonov svetlobnih let oziroma 725 tisoč parsekov v smeri ozvezdja Andromede.

V temni in jasni noči je vidna s prostim očesom. Z maso približno 1,5 naše Galaksije je največja galaksija v Krajevni skupini, ki jo sestavljata dva ducata majhnih galaksij skupaj s tremi velikimi: Andromedino, krajevno Galaksijo in M33.

Splošne značilnosti

Podatki kažejo na to, da se bo Andromedina galaksija zaletela v našo Galaksijo in da se giblje proti njej s hitrostjo okoli 140 km/s. Galaksiji bosta trčili čez približno 3 milijarde let in se bosta verjetno združili v velikansko eliptično galaksijo.

Andromedino galaksijo je leta 964 opazoval arabski astronom Abdurahman Ali Sufi, ki jo je opisal kot »majhen oblak«. Prvi opis s pomočjo daljnogleda je dal leta 1612 Simon Marij, ki ga velikokrat nepravilno smatrajo za odkritelja Andromedine galaksije.

Galaksija je pomembna za študij galaksij, ker je najbližja velika galaksija. Leta 1943 je Walter Baade prvi razločil zvezde v osrednjem delu Andromedine galaksije. Edwin Powell Hubble je razpoznal zunajgalaktične kefeidne spremenljivke najprej na fotografijah te galaksije in potrdil, da ta »meglica«, kakor so jo imenovali prej, leži zunaj naše Galaksije.

Robin Barnard z Odprte univerze je v Andromedini galaksiji zaznal deset izvorov žarkov gama s pomočjo orbitalnega observatorija XMM-Newton Evropske vesoljske agencije. Opazovanja je objavil 5. aprila 2004. Izvori so po njem kandidati za črne luknje ali nevtronske zvezde, ki segrevajo plin na milijone stopinj K in zaradi tega sevajo žarke gama. Spekter nevtronskih zvezd je enak kot spekter domnevnih črnih lukenj, vendar jih je moč razločiti po njihovi masi.

Sklici

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 »Zunajgalaktična podatkovna baza NASA/IPAC (NED)«. Podatki za Andromedino galaksijo (v angleščini). Pridobljeno 1. novembra 2006.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G. (2006). »Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field«. Astrophysics. Zv. 49, št. 1. str. 3–18.
  3. ↑ Karachentsev, I.D.; Karachentseva, V.E.; Hutchmeier, W.K.; Makarov, D.I. (2004). »A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies«. Astronomical Journal (v angleščini). Zv. 127. str. 2031–2068.
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Ribas, I.; Jordi, C.; Vilardell, F.; Fitzpatrick, E.L.; Hilditch, R.W.; Edward, F. (2005). »First Determination of the Distance and Fundamental Properties of an Eclipsing Binary in the Andromeda Galaxy«. Astrophysical Journal (v angleščini). 635: L37–L40.
  5. ↑ McConnachie, A.W.; Irwin, M.J.; Ferguson, A.M.N.; Ibata, R.A.; Lewis, G.F.; Tanvir, N. (2005). »Distances and metallicities for 17 Local Group galaxies«. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (v angleščini). Zv. 356, št. 4. str. 979–997.
  6. ↑ Jensen, Joseph B.; Tonry, John L.; Barris, Brian J.; Thompson, Rodger I.; Liu, Michael C.; Rieke, Marcia J.; Ajhar, Edward A.; Blakeslee, John P. (Februar 2003). »Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations«. Astrophysical Journal (v angleščini). Zv. 583, št. 2. str. 712–726.

Zunanje povezave


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Charles Messier Messierov katalog

M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10
M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M18 M19 M20
M21 M22 M23 M24 M25 M26 M27 M28 M29 M30
M31 M32 M33 M34 M35 M36 M37 M38 M39 M40
M41 M42 M43 M44 M45 M46 M47 M48 M49 M50
M51 M52 M53 M54 M55 M56 M57 M58 M59 M60
M61 M62 M63 M64 M65 M66 M67 M68 M69 M70
M71 M72 M73 M74 M75 M76 M77 M78 M79 M80
M81 M82 M83 M84 M85 M86 M87 M88 M89 M90
M91 M92 M93 M94 M95 M96 M97 M98 M99 M100
M101 M102 M103 M104 M105 M106 M107 M108 M109 M110
     meglice      galaksije (seznam)      dvozvezdja (seznam)
     zvezdne kopice      kopice z meglico      planetarne meglice (seznam)
Glej tudi: seznam Messierovih teles
Drugi katalogi: Novi splošni katalog (NGC)

Koordinati: Sky map 00h 42m 44.3s, +41° 16′ 10″

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