Aditiv

Aditiv

Aditiv ali prehranski dodatek je kemični dodatek živilu, ki se uporablja z namenom konzerviranja, zgoščevanja ali razredčevanja, obarvanja ali »dodajanja« arom le-temu. Aditivi so v današnji živilski industriji nepogrešljivi. Na vsaki embalaži živila morajo biti navedeni vsi, ki so bili uporabljeni pri proizvodnji živila. Oznake aditivov so največkrat navedene kot »E***« (E + trimestno število). O vplivu aditivov na človekovo zdravje je malo znanega. Nekatere raziskave so pokazale, da so posamezni aditivi zdravju zelo nevarni in škodljivi.

Označevanje

Vsak aditiv je popisan s številko. V Evropi se je oblikoval sistem števil E za vse dovoljene aditive. Sistem Codex Alimentarius vsebuje mednarodne identifikacije vseh aditivov, ne glede na dovoljenja za uporabo.

Kategorije

Aditive za živila lahko razdelimo v naslednje skupine:

kisline
Kisline so dodane zaradi ostrega okusa, pa tudi kot antioksidanti in sredstva za konserviranje. Navadno se uporabljajo: kis, citronska kislina, tartarska kislina, jabolčna kislina, fumarska kislina, mlečna kislina.
sredstva za uravnavanje kislosti
Sredstva za uravnavanje kislosti spreminjajo in uravnavajo kislost oziroma bazičnost živil.
sredstva za ohranjanje sipkosti
Sredstva za ohranjanje sipkosti preprečujejo sprijemanje in skepljanje praškov.
sredstva proti penjenju
Sredstva proti penjenju zmanjšujejo oziroma preprečujejo penjenje živil.
antioksidanti
Antioksidanti se uporabljajo kot sredstva za konserviranje, saj preprečujejo oksidacijo živil.
sredstva za vzhajanje
Sredstva za vzhajanje vplivajo na povečanje prostornine živil, pri tem pa se ohrani hranljiva vrednost.
barvila
Prehranska barvila so dodana živilom zaradi privlačnejšega videza.
emulgatorji
Emulgatorji omogočajo, da voda in olja ostanejo homogenizirana (primer: mleko) in v emulziji (primer: majoneza, sladoled).
ojačevalci okusa
Ojačevalci okusa poudarijo obstoječe okuse živil.
sredstva za ohranjanje vlage
Sredstva za ohranjanje vlage preprečujejo izsušitev živil.
konservanti
Konservanti preprečujejo, da bi se živilo pokvarilo zaradi plesni, bakterij in drugih mikroorganizmov.
stabilizatorji
Stabilizatorji, sredstva za zgoščevanje in želirna sredstva dajejo živilom trdnejšo strukturo.
sladila
Sladila dajejo živilom zaradi okusa. Sladila nadomestijo sladkor zaradi nizke kalorične vrednosti.

Glej tudi

  • Števila E aditivi se označijo s številkami od 103 do 1803

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