Mediar svetlochrbtý

Mediar svetlochrbtý

Mediar svetlochrbtý
Stupeň ohrozenia
IUCN stupne ohrozeniaVyhynutýVyhynutýVyhynutý vo voľnej prírodeKriticky ohrozenýOhrozenýZraniteľnýTakmer ohrozenýOhrozenýNajmenej ohrozenýNajmenej ohrozený
[1]
Vedecká klasifikácia
 
Vedecký názov
Mellivora capensis
Linnaeus, 1776

Rozšírenie.
Vedecká klasifikácia prevažne podľa tohto článku

Mediar svetlochrbtý[2] (iné názvy: jazvec mediar[2], staršie: medojed (kapský)[3], ľudovo ratel[4]; lat. Mellivora capensis) je mäsožravec z čeľade lasicovité (Mustelidae).

Je jediným žijúcim zástupcom podčeľade mediarorodé (Mellivorinae) a rodu mediar/medojed (Mellivora).

Výskyt

Žije skoro v celej nepúštnej Afrike, najmä na juhu a západe kontinentu, ďalej v západnej Ázii (Arabský polostrov, Izrael, Irak, Irán, Pakistan), v strednej Ázii a v južnej Ázii (India, Nepál).[5]

Správanie

Mediar je na svoju veľkosť veľmi silné a agresívne zviera. Boli zaznamenané aj prípady, kde napadli ľudí alebo automobily. Žije ticho, väčšinou ako samotár ale boli pozorované aj menšie skupinky (väčšinou matky s mláďatami). Predpokladá sa, že správanie jednotlivých populácií sa môže líšiť. Je to zviera s prevažne nočnou aktivitou, ale keď je hladné, možeme ho spozorovať aj cez deň ako hľadá niečo na jedenie. Inak cez deň odpočíva v nore alebo v inom úkryte. Jeho teritórium je veľké, vedie kočovný život. Samec sa pri výchove malých mediarov nezúčastňuje.

Synonymá

  • Viverra capensis Schreber, 1776
  • Viverra ratel Sparrman, 1777
  • Ursus indicus Kerr 1792
  • Ursus mellivorus Cuvier 1798
  • Meles mellivora Thunberg, 1811
  • Gulo capensis Desmarest 1820
  • Gulo mellivora Smith 1826
  • Ratelus mellivorus Bennett 1830
  • Ratellus typicus Smith 1833
  • Ratelus indicus Burton, 1835
  • Ursitaxus inauritus Hodgson, 1836
  • Lipotus mellivorus Sundevall 1842
  • Mellivora ratel Horsfield 1851
  • Mellivora ratelus Fraser 1862
  • Mellivora leuconota Sclater 1867
  • Mellivora cottoni Lydekker 1906
  • Mellivora concisa Thomas & Wroughton 1907
  • Mellivora signata Pocock 1909
  • Mellivora abyssinica Hollister 1910
  • Mellivora sagulata Hollister 1910
  • Mellivora brockmani Wroughton & Cheesman 1920
  • Mellivora wilsoni Cheesman 1920
  • Mellivora maxwelli Thomas 1923
  • Mellivora buchanani Thomas 1925
  • Mellivora capensis vernayi Roberts 1932[6]

Referencie

  1. ↑ IUCN Red list 2015.2. Prístup 21. jún 2022
  2. ↑ a b LUPTÁK, Peter. Slovenské mená cicavcov sveta. [1. vyd.] Bojnice : Zoologická záhrada, 2003. 218 s. ISBN 80-969059-9-6. S. 65.
  3. ↑ lasicovité. Pyramída (Bratislava: Socialistická akadémia Slovenskej socialistickej republiky vo Vydavateľstve Obzor), november 1977, roč. VII, čís. 77, s. 2438. ISSN 0231-9047.
  4. ↑ Zviera. Preklad Mirko Bohuš et al. Bratislava : Ikar, 2002. 623 s. ISBN 80-551-0375-5. S. 199.
  5. ↑ http://data.gbif.org/species/13185953
  6. ↑ http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/VHAYSSEN/msi/pdf/721_Mellivora_capensis.pdf

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