Old Welsh
| Old Welsh | |
|---|---|
| ᚉᚑᚋᚏᚐᚓᚌ | |
| Pronunciation | [kɵmräe̞g] |
| Era | 800—1100 |
Indo-European
| |
Early forms | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | owl |
Old Welsh is the early stage of Welsh language, developed into Mid Welsh in 1100.[1] The preceding period, from the time Welsh became distinct from Old Briton around 550, has been called "Primitive"[1] or "Archaic Welsh".[2]
Phonology
The phonology of Old Welsh is as follows.[3]
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m̥ʰ | m | n̥ʰ | n | ŋ̊ʰ | ŋ | ||||||
| Stop | p | b | t | d | k | ɡ | ||||||
| Fricative | ɸ | β | θ | ð | s | x | h | |||||
| Approximant | w | r̥ʰ | r | j | ||||||||
| Lateral | l | ɬ | ||||||||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ ʉ | u |
| Mid | e̞ | ə ɵ | o̞ |
| Open | ä |
- Older /ɔ/ was diphthongized into /aw/ in (stressed) final syllables, but it was retained elsewhere. Whilst this persisted as a diphthong in Middle Welsh, in Modern Welsh /aw/ has collapsed to /o/ following the stress shift to the penultimate, except in monosyllables.
- [ə] and [ɵ] were allophones of /ɨ/ and /u/ in unstressed non-final syllables. In Middle Welsh these merged to [ə].
- Old Welsh /ei/ and /eʉ/ became /ai/ and /aɨ/ in Modern Welsh final syllables, in dialects where /ɨ/ has not merged with /i/.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Koch (2006), p. 1757.
- ↑ Willis (2009), p. 1.
- ↑ Willis (2009), pp. 117–160, Old and Middle Welsh.
Content Disclaimer
Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.
- The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
- There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
- It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
- Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
- Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.