Chitrali language

Chitrali
چترالی زبان‎
Native toPakistan
RegionChitral District
EthnicityChitralis
Native speakers
580,000 (2004)[1]
Nastaliq alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
ELPKhowar

Chitrali language (Urdu:چترالی زبان) is a Dardic language. It is spoken by 332,200 people. These people live in the Chitral District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Loanwords

Chitrali language has many loanwords are present from various languages include Arabic, Persian, and Urdu. It also has words from Sanskrit and Ancient Greek.

Alphabet

The Chitrali alphabet is based on the Arabic alphabet.

Letter Name of letter Transcription IPA
ا‎ alif ā/aa, a, i, u /ɑː/, /ə/, /ɪ/, /ʊ/
ب‎ be b /b/
پ‎ pe p /p/
ت‎ te t /t̪/
ٹ‎ ṭe ṭ /ʈ/
ث‎ se (s) /s/
ج‎ jīm j /d͡ʒ/
چ‎ če č /t͡ʃ/
ح‎ baṛī he (h) /h/
خ‎ xe x /x/
د‎ dāl d /d̪/
ڈ‎ ḍāl ḍ /ɖ/
ذ‎ zāl (z) /z/
ر‎ re r /r/
ڑ‎ ṛe ṛ /r~ɫ/
ز‎ ze z /z/
ژ‎ že ž/zh /ʒ/
س‎ sīn s /s/
ش‎ šīn š/sh /ʃ/
ص‎ su'ād (s) /s/
ض‎ zu'ād (z) /z/
ط‎ to'e (t) /t/
ظ‎ zo'e (z) /z/
ع‎ ‘ain ', a, i, u /ʔ/, /ə/, /ɪ/, /ʊ/
غ‎ ǧain ǧ/gh /ɣ/
ف‎ fe f /f/
ق‎ qāf q /q/
ک‎ kāf k /k/
گ‎ gāf g /ɡ/
ل‎ lām l /l/
ڵ‎ łām ł /lʲ/
م‎ mīm m /m/
ن‎ nūn n /n/
ں‎ nūn ǧunnā _̃ /◌̃/
و‎ wā'o w, o, au, or ū /ʋ/, /oː/, /ɔ/ or /uː/
ہ‎ čoṭī he h /h/
ھ‎ do čašmī he _h /ʰ/
ء‎ hamza ' /ʔ/
ى‎ choti ye y, ī /j/ or /iː/
ے‎ barī ye ai or e /ɛː/, or /eː/

More reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Khowar.
  • Elena Bashir, (2001) Spatial Representation in Khowar. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
  • Kendall D. Decker, (1992) Languages of Chitral ISBN 969-8023-15-1
  • Erik L’Homme, (1999) Parlons Khowar. Langue et culture de l’ancien royaume de Chitral au Pakistan. Paris: L’Harmattan
  • Georg Morgenstierne, (1936) Iranian Elements in Khowar. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. VIII, London.
  • Badshah munir Bukhari (2001) Khowar language. University publisher.Pakistan
  • Georg Morgenstierne, (1947) Some Features of Khowar Morphology. Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap, Vol. XIV, Oslo.
  • Georg Morgenstierne, (1957) Sanskritic Words in Khowar. Felicitation Volume Presented to S.K. Belvalkar. Benares. 84-98 [Reprinted in Morgenstierne (1973): Irano-Dardica, 267-72]
  • Mohammad Ismail Sloan (1981) Khowar-English Dictionary. Peshawar. ISBN 0-923891-15-3.

References

  1. ↑ Cite error: The named reference e19 was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).