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Nastaliq
Nastaliq is a modified version of the Perso-Arabic Alphabet.
Varieties of Nastaliq (alphabets)
Persian
| Letter |
Romanization |
IPA
|
| ا |
ā, a, (e), o, - |
/ɑ/, /ə/, /e/, /o/, /∅/
|
| ب |
b |
/b/
|
| پ |
p |
/p/
|
| ت |
t |
/t/
|
| ث |
(s) |
/s/
|
| ج |
j |
/d͡ʒ/
|
| چ |
č |
/t͡ʃ/
|
| ح |
(h) |
/h/
|
| خ |
x |
/x/
|
| د |
d |
/d/
|
| ذ |
(z) |
/z/
|
| ر |
r |
/ɾ/
|
| ز |
z |
/z/
|
| ژ |
c/ts |
/ʒ/
|
| س |
s |
/s/
|
| ش |
š |
/ʃ/
|
| ص |
(s) |
/s/
|
| ض |
(z) |
/z/
|
| ط |
(t) |
/t/
|
| ظ |
(z) |
/z/
|
| ع |
(ā), (a), (e), (o), (-) |
/ɑ/, /ə/, /e/, /o/, /∅/
|
| غ |
ǧ |
/ʁ~ɢ/
|
| ف |
f |
/pʰ~f/
|
| ق |
q |
/q/
|
| ک |
k |
/k/
|
| گ |
g |
/ɡ/
|
| ل |
l |
/l/, (/ɭ/), (/ɫ/)
|
| م |
m |
/m/
|
| ن |
n |
/n/
|
| و |
w, u |
/w/, /u/
|
| ه |
h |
/h/
|
| ی |
y, i |
/j/, /i/
|
Urdu
| Letter |
Romanization |
IPA
|
| ا |
ā, a, (e), o, - |
/ɑ/, /ə/, /e/, /o/, /∅/
|
| ب |
b |
/b/
|
| پ |
p |
/p/
|
| ت |
t |
/t/
|
| ٹ |
ṭ |
/ʈ/
|
| ث |
(s) |
/s/
|
| ج |
j |
/d͡ʒ/
|
| چ |
č |
/t͡ʃ/
|
| ح |
(h) |
/h/
|
| خ |
x |
/x/
|
| د |
d |
/d/
|
| ڈ |
ḍ |
/ɖ/
|
| ذ |
(z) |
/z/
|
| ر |
r |
/ɾ/
|
| ڑ |
ṛ |
/ɽ/
|
| ز |
z |
/z/
|
| ژ |
ž |
/ʒ/
|
| س |
s |
/s/
|
| ش |
š |
/ʃ/
|
| ص |
(s) |
/s/
|
| ض |
(z) |
/z/
|
| ط |
(t) |
/t/
|
| ظ |
(z) |
/z/
|
| ع |
(ā), (a), (e), (o), (-) |
/ɑ/, /ə/, /e/, /o/, /∅/
|
| غ |
ǧ |
/ʁ~ɢ/
|
| ف |
f |
/pʰ~f/
|
| ق |
q |
/q/
|
| ک |
k |
/k/
|
| گ |
g |
/ɡ/
|
| ل |
l |
/l/, (/ɭ/), (/ɫ/)
|
| م |
m |
/m/
|
| ن |
n |
/n/
|
| ں |
nun ǧunna |
/◌̃/
|
| و |
w, u |
/w/, /u/
|
| ہ |
h |
/h/
|
| ھ |
_h |
/◌ʰ/, /◌ʱ/
|
| ی |
y, i |
/j/, /i/
|
| ے |
e/ay |
/e/
|
Punjabi (Shahmukhi)
| No.
|
Name
|
IPA
|
Final glyph
|
Medial glyph
|
Initial glyph
|
Isolated glyph
|
Gurmukhi
|
| 1
|
الف
|
alif
|
/ɑː,äː, ʔ, ∅/
|
ـا
|
ـا
|
ا
|
ا
|
ਅ, ਆ (medial)
|
| 2
|
بے
|
bē
|
/b/
|
ـب
|
ـبـ
|
بـ
|
ب
|
ਬ
|
| 3
|
پے
|
pē
|
/p/
|
ـپ
|
ـپـ
|
پـ
|
پ
|
ਪ
|
| 4
|
تے
|
tē
|
/t/
|
ـت
|
ـتـ
|
تـ
|
ت
|
ਤ
|
| 5
|
ٹے
|
ṭē
|
/ʈ/
|
ـٹ
|
ـٹـ
|
ٹـ
|
ٹ
|
ਟ
|
| 6
|
ثے
|
s̱ē
|
/s/
|
ـث
|
ـثـ
|
ثـ
|
ث
|
ਸ
|
| 7
|
جيم
|
jīma
|
/d͡ʒ/
|
ـج
|
ـجـ
|
جـ
|
ج
|
ਜ
|
| 8
|
چے
|
cē
|
/t͡ʃ/
|
ـچ
|
ـچـ
|
چـ
|
چ
|
ਚ
|
| 9
|
وڈّی حے
|
waḍḍi ḥē
|
/ɦ/
|
ـح
|
ـحـ
|
حـ
|
ح
|
ਹ
|
| 10
|
خے
|
k͟hē
|
/x/
|
ـخ
|
ـخـ
|
خـ
|
خ
|
ਖ਼
|
| 11
|
دال
|
dāla
|
/d/
|
ـد
|
ـد
|
د
|
د
|
ਦ
|
| 12
|
ڈال
|
ḍāla
|
/ɖ/
|
ـڈ
|
ـڈ
|
ڈ
|
ڈ
|
ਡ
|
| 13
|
ذال
|
ẕāla
|
/z/
|
ـذ
|
ـذ
|
ذ
|
ذ
|
ਜ਼
|
| 14
|
رے
|
rē
|
/r/
|
ـر
|
ـر
|
ر
|
ر
|
ਰ
|
| 15
|
ڑے
|
ṛē
|
/ɽ/
|
ـڑ
|
ـڑ
|
ڑ
|
ڑ
|
ੜ
|
| 16
|
زے
|
zē
|
/z/
|
ـز
|
ـز
|
ز
|
ز
|
ਜ਼
|
| 17
|
ژے
|
zhē
|
/ʒ/
|
ـژ
|
ـژ
|
ژ
|
ژ
|
-
|
| 18
|
سین
|
sīna
|
/s/
|
ـس
|
ـسـ
|
سـ
|
س
|
ਸ
|
| 19
|
شین
|
shīna
|
/ʃ/
|
ـش
|
ـشـ
|
شـ
|
ش
|
ਸ਼
|
| 20
|
صاد
|
ṣwāda
|
/s/
|
ـص
|
ـصـ
|
صـ
|
ص
|
ਸ
|
| 21
|
ضاد
|
ẓwāda
|
/z/
|
ـض
|
ـضـ
|
ضـ
|
ض
|
ਜ਼
|
| 22
|
طوۓ
|
t̤oʼē
|
/t/
|
ـط
|
ـطـ
|
طـ
|
ط
|
ਤ
|
| 23
|
ظوۓ
|
z̤oʼē
|
/z/
|
ـظ
|
ـظـ
|
ظـ
|
ظ
|
ਜ਼
|
| 24
|
عین
|
ʻaina
|
/ə,ɑː,ɪ,iː,u,uː,oː,ɔː,eː,ɛː, ʔ, ∅/
|
ـع
|
ـعـ
|
عـ
|
ع
|
ਅ,ਆ,ਇ,ਈ,ਉ,ਊ,ਏ,ਐ,ਓ,ਔ
|
| 25
|
غین
|
g͟haina
|
/ɣ/
|
ـغ
|
ـغـ
|
غـ
|
غ
|
ਗ਼
|
| 26
|
فے
|
fē
|
/f/
|
ـف
|
ـفـ
|
فـ
|
ف
|
ਫ਼
|
| 27
|
قاف
|
qāfa
|
/q/
|
ـق
|
ـقـ
|
قـ
|
ق
|
ਕ਼
|
| 28
|
کاف
|
kāfa
|
/k/
|
ـک
|
ـکـ
|
کـ
|
ک
|
ਕ
|
| 29
|
گاف
|
gāfa
|
/ɡ/
|
ـگ
|
ـگـ
|
گـ
|
گ
|
ਗ
|
| 30
|
لام
|
lāma
|
/l/
|
ـل
|
ـلـ
|
لـ
|
ل
|
ਲ
|
| 31[2]
|
لؕام
|
ḷāma
|
/ɭ/
|
ـلؕ
|
ـلؕـ
|
لؕـ
|
لؕ
|
ਲ਼
|
| 32
|
میم
|
mīma
|
/m/
|
ـم
|
ـمـ
|
مـ
|
م
|
ਮ
|
| 33
|
نون
|
nūna
|
/n, ɲ/
|
ـن
|
ـنـ
|
نـ
|
ن
|
ਨ
|
| 34[2]
|
ݨون
|
ṇūṇa
|
/ɳ/
|
ـݨ
|
ـݨـ
|
ݨـ
|
ݨ
|
ਣ
|
| 35
|
نون غنّہ
|
nūn ġunnah
|
/◌̃, ŋ/
|
ـں
|
ـن٘ـ
|
ن٘ـ
|
ں
(ن٘)
|
ੰ, ਂ
|
| 36
|
واؤ
|
wāʼoa
|
/ʋ, uː, ʊ, oː, ɔː/
|
ـو
|
ـو
|
و
|
و
|
ੳ, ਵ
|
| 37
|
نکی ہے
گول ہے
|
choṭī hē
gol hē
|
/ɦ, ɑː, e:/
|
ـہ
|
ـہـ
|
ہـ
|
ہ
|
ਹ
|
| 38
|
دو چشمی ہے
|
do-cashmī hē
|
/ʰ/ or /ʱ/
|
ـھ
|
ـھـ
|
ھ
|
ھ
|
varied / ੍ਹ
|
| 39
|
ہمزہ
|
hamzah
|
/ʔ/, /∅/
|
ء
|
ء
|
ء
|
ء
|
-
|
| 40
|
چھوٹی يے
|
choṭī yē
|
/j, iː/
|
ـی
|
ـیـ
|
یـ
|
ی
|
ੲ, ਯ
|
| 41
|
وڈّی يے
|
waḍḍi yē
|
/ɛː, eː/
|
ـے
|
ـے
|
ے
|
ے
|
ੇ, ੈ
|
Pashto
| Letter |
Romanization |
IPA
|
| ا |
ā, a, (e), o, - |
/ɑ/, /ə/, /e/, /o/, /∅/
|
| ب |
b |
/b/
|
| پ |
p |
/p/
|
| ت |
t |
/t/
|
| ټ |
ṭ |
/ʈ/
|
| ث |
(s) |
/s/
|
| ج |
j |
/d͡ʒ/
|
| چ |
č |
/t͡ʃ/
|
| ح |
(h) |
/h/
|
| خ |
x |
/x/
|
| څ |
ṡ |
/t͡s/
|
| ځ |
ż |
/d͡z/
|
| د |
d |
/d/
|
| ډ |
ḍ |
/ɖ/
|
| ذ |
(z) |
/z/
|
| ر |
r |
/ɾ/
|
| ړ |
ṛ |
/ɽ/
|
| ز |
z |
/z/
|
| ژ |
ž |
/ʒ/
|
| س |
s |
/s/
|
| ش |
š |
/ʃ/
|
| ص |
(s) |
/s/
|
| ض |
(z) |
/z/
|
| ط |
(t) |
/t/
|
| ظ |
(z) |
/z/
|
| ع |
(ā), (a), (e), (o), (-) |
/ɑ/, /ə/, /e/, /o/, /∅/
|
| غ |
ǧ |
/ʁ~ɢ/
|
| ف |
f |
/pʰ~f/
|
| ق |
q |
/q/
|
| ک |
k |
/k/
|
| ګ |
g |
/ɡ/
|
| ل |
l |
/l/, (/ɭ/), (/ɫ/)
|
| م |
m |
/m/
|
| ن |
n |
/n/
|
| ڼ |
ṇ |
/ɳ/
|
| ں |
ṉ |
/ ̃/
|
| و |
w, u |
/w/, /u/
|
| ه |
h |
/h/
|
| ۀ |
ə |
/ə/
|
| ی |
y, i |
/j/, /i/
|
| ې |
e |
/e/
|
| ے |
ay |
/ai/
|
| ۍ |
ạy |
/əi/
|
| ئ |
y |
/əi/
|
Kashmiri
| Letter |
Romanization |
IPA
|
| ا |
ā, a, (e), o, - |
/ɑ/, /ə/, /e/, /o/, /∅/
|
| ب |
b |
/b/
|
| پ |
p |
/p/
|
| ت |
t |
/t/
|
| ٹ |
ṭ |
/ʈ/
|
| ث |
(s) |
/s/
|
| ج |
j |
/d͡ʒ/
|
| چ |
č |
/t͡ʃ/
|
| ح |
(h) |
/h/
|
| خ |
x |
/x/
|
| د |
d |
/d/
|
| ڈ |
ḍ |
/ɖ/
|
| ذ |
(z) |
/z/
|
| ر |
r |
/ɾ/
|
| ڑ |
ṛ |
/ɽ/
|
| ز |
z |
/z/
|
| ژ |
ž |
/ts/
|
| س |
s |
/s/
|
| ش |
š |
/ʃ/
|
| ص |
(s) |
/s/
|
| ض |
(z) |
/z/
|
| ط |
(t) |
/t/
|
| ظ |
(z) |
/z/
|
| ع |
(ā), (a), (e), (o), (-) |
/ɑ/, /ə/, /e/, /o/, /∅/
|
| غ |
ǧ |
/ʁ~ɢ/
|
| ف |
f |
/pʰ~f/
|
| ق |
q/k |
/q/, /k/
|
| ک |
k |
/k/
|
| گ |
g |
/ɡ/
|
| ل |
l |
/l/, (/ɭ/), (/ɫ/)
|
| م |
m |
/m/
|
| ن |
n |
/n/
|
| ں |
ṇ |
/ ̃/
|
| و |
w, u |
/w/, /u/
|
| ۆ |
v |
/v/
|
| ۄ |
o |
/o/
|
| ہ |
h |
/h/
|
| ھ |
_h |
/◌ʰ/, /◌ʱ/
|
| ی |
y |
/j/, /i/
|
| ؠ |
'y |
/ʲa/, /ʲ/
|
| ے |
e |
/e/
|
References
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Rarely used in literature, except when a distinction between the pronunciation of the non-retroflex character is needed
Other websites
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