Amailon
Amailol
ꯑꯃꯥꯏꯂꯣꯟ
Meitei Mayek and Eastern Nagari (Bengali) transliterations of "Amailon"
Native to	Manipur
Region	Manipur and Meitei diaspora regions
Ethnicity	Meitei ethnicity
Native speakers	Maibi and Nupa Maibi, ritual practitioners of the traditions of Sanamahism
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman Meitei Amailon
Early forms	proto-Sino-Tibetan proto-Tibeto-Burman Ancient Meitei
Standard forms	Meitei language
Writing system	Meitei script and rarely Bengali script
Official status
Official language in	Ancient Kangleipak
Recognised minority language in	Manipur
Development body	Sanamahism based organizations
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
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Meitei language series
Historical stages
Ancient Meitei Medieval Meitei Modern Meitei
Special registers
Amailon (liturgical) Classical Meitei Thougallon (royal court)
Historical dialects
Khuman (linguistics) Moirang (linguistics)
Living dialects
Imphal dialect Andro (Meitei dialect) Kakching dialect Khurkhul (Meitei dialect) Kwatha dialect Phayeng (Meitei dialect) Sekmai (Meitei dialect)
Geographical distribution
In Assam In Tripura In Bangladesh In Myanmar
Writing systems
Meitei script Meitei alphabet Naoriya Phulo script Bengali script
Others
Manipuri MIL Meitei literature Meitei grammar Meitei cinema
v t e

Amailon (ꯑꯃꯥꯏꯂꯣꯟ), also known as Amailol (ꯑꯃꯥꯏꯂꯣꯜ), is a liturgical variety of the Meitei language, spoken by Maibi and Nupa Maibi, ritual practitioners of the Sanamahi tradition in Manipur, Northeast India. It is used exclusively in ceremonial and ritual contexts and has no daily spoken form.^[1][2][3]

Amailon is mentioned in the holy and sacred ancient Meitei language manuscript text called the Wakoklon Heelel Thilel Salai Amailon Pukok Puya.^[4][5][6]

Amailon is part of the Meitei language, also known as Meetei, Meithei, or Manipuri, which serves as the dominant language of Manipur and functions as a regional lingua franca. The language is characterized by specialized vocabulary and archaic forms that are used in religious and ritual performance rather than in everyday communication.^[1][2][3]

Within the Sanamahi tradition, there is a distinction between male and female ritual practitioners. Maiba or Amaiba refers to a male priest, Maibi or Amaibi refers to a female priestess, and Nupa Maibi denotes a male-bodied individual who performs roles typically associated with Maibi.^[7] Amailon is specifically associated with these practitioners and forms the medium for ritual chants, songs, and ceremonial texts.^[1][2][3]

Amailon is transmitted orally and is primarily used in high ritual contexts, including sacred dances, chants, and ceremonial performances of Sanamahi worship. The language encodes ritual knowledge, symbolic meanings, and metaphorical expressions that are essential to the practice of Sanamahi rites. Its restricted use means that the survival of Amailon is closely tied to the presence of trained ritual practitioners.^[1][2][3]

Amailon is considered critically endangered. The number of fluent practitioners is extremely small, limited to members of the Nupa Maibi community. Historical disruptions, including the introduction of Vaishnavism in the eighteenth century and the replacement of the traditional Meitei Mayek script with Bengali script, have contributed to the decline of ritual literacy and indigenous practices. Contemporary influences from Hindi, Bengali language, and English, combined with sociopolitical instability and military presence in Manipur, have further affected the transmission of the language.^[1][2][3]

The oral nature of Amailon and the scarcity of practitioners make the language highly vulnerable. The death of senior priestesses results in the loss of knowledge, as much of the language contains complex metaphorical and symbolic elements that are not documented elsewhere.^[1][2][3]

Documentation of Amailon has focused on recording ritual texts, chants, and performances while collaborating with Nupa Maibi to preserve their cultural and spiritual knowledge. Efforts aim to support both linguistic research and the continuation of Sanamahi ritual practices. The revival of the Meitei Mayek script in schools and the growing interest in indigenous cultural heritage contribute to broader preservation strategies.^[1][2][3]

The protection of Amailon is also linked to the safeguarding of the social and cultural roles of gender-diverse ritual practitioners. As integral figures within Sanamahi worship, Maibi and Nupa Maibi play central roles in maintaining the religious and cultural identity of their communities. Systematic documentation, combined with intergenerational transmission, is considered essential for the survival of both the language and the associated ritual knowledge.^[1][2][3]

• Wakoklon Heelel Thilel Salai Amailon Pukok Puya
• Thougallon
• Ancient Khuman language
• Ancient Moirang language
• Classical Meitei language
• Ancient Meitei language
• Ancient Meitei literature
• Ancient Meitei hymns
• Meitei ritual songs
• Meitei philosophy
• Philosophy of Sanamahism
• Philosophy of Meitei script
• Extraterrestrials in Meitei culture

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