Vojvodstvo Livonija

Vojvodstvo Livonija
Księstwo Zadźwińskie
Livonijos kunigaikštystė
Vazalna država Velike Kneževine Litvanije, kasnije Poljsko-Litvanske Unije
  
1561. – 1629.   
 
  

Grb

Grb

Lokacija
Lokacija
Karta Poljsko-Litvanske Unije iz 1618. godine
(Livonija je obojena tamnosivom bojom)
Glavni grad Fellin
Politička struktura Vojvodstvo
Veliki vojvoda Litvanije /
Poljsko-litvanski kralj
 • 1561.1572. Žygimantas Augustas (prvi)
 • 1588.1621. Žygimantas Vaza (posljednji)
Historija Novi vijek
 • Sporazum iz Vilniusa 28. novembar 1561.
 • Poljsko-švedski rat 1620.1622.
 • Sporazum iz Altmarka 25. septembar 1629.
Danas dio  Estonija
 Latvija

Vojvodstvo Livonija (poljski: Księstwo Zadźwińskie ili Księstwo Inflanckie, litvanski: Livonijos kunigaikštystė, estonski: Üleväina-Liivimaa hertsogkond, latvijski: Pārdaugavas hercogiste, latinski: Ducatus Ultradunensis) zvana i Poljska Livonija bila je domena Velike Kneževine Litvanije, a kasnije Poljsko-Litvanske Unije koja je egzistirala od 1561. do 1621.[1]

Prostirala se po teritoriju današnje sjeverne Latvije i južne Estonije.[1]

Historija

Tokom 16. vijeka Terra Mariana je postala predmet natjecanja između Kraljevine Danske, Kraljevine Švedske, Ruskog Carstva i Poljsko-Litvanske Unije.[2]

Ruski car Ivan IV Grozni napao je 1558. Terra Marianu i time započeo Livonski rat 1558.-83. Istovremeno su i trupe Poljsko-Litvanske Unije napale jug Terre Mariane.[2]

Nesposoban da se dalje brani veliki majstor Livonskog reda (grana Teutonskog Reda) Gotthard Kettler, predao je 1561. jug Terre Mariane Poljsko-Litvanskoj Uniji, koja je ubrzo sekularizirala svoju novu domenu.[2] Pa je nakon tog podjelila na dva vojvodstva; Kneževinu Kurlaniju i Semigaliju (dio današnje Latvije između zapadne obale Rijeke Daugave i Baltičkog mora) kao domenu Velike Kneževine Litvanije i Vojvodstvo Litvanija (dio sjeverne Latvije i južne Estonije) kao zajedničku poljsko-litvansku domenu.[2]

Nakon Sedmogodišnjeg rata i Livonskog rata, kad je Batory prodro u Rusiju, i primorao je na sklapanje Mira u Jam-Zapoljskom, Poljsko-Litvanska Unija učvrstila je svoju vlast u Terra Mariani, ali bez Estonije i otoka Zapadnoestonskog arhipelaga.[2]

Poljske pretenzije na Estoniju i spor oko švedskog trona doveli su do Švedsko-poljskog rata 1601. u kojem je Kraljevina Švedska 1621. zauzela Rigu a nakon tog 1625. i Tartu. Nakon tih poraza Poljsko-Litvanska Unija bila je prisiljena prepustiti Kraljevini Švedskoj svoje vojvodstvo.[2]

Izvori

  1. 1,0 1,1 Duchy of Livonia (engleski). DBpedia. Pristupljeno 16.12.2021. 
  2. 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 „Inflanty” (poljski). Encyklopedia PWN. Pristupljeno 17.12. 2021. 

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