Vittorio Emanuele II od Italije

Vittorio Emanuele II
Portret Vittoria Emanuela II
kralj Kraljevine Italije
Vladavina 17. mart 1861. -9. januar 1878.
Prethodnik -
Nasljednik Umberto I od Italije
kralj Kraljevine Sardinije
Vladavina .23. mart 1849. -17. mart 1861.
Prethodnik Carlo Alberto od Savoje
Nasljednik -
Supruge Adelheide Habsburg
Rosa Vercellana
Dinastija Savoja
Otac Carlo Alberto od Savoje
Majka Maria Theresia od Austrije -Toskane
Rođenje 14. mart 1820.
Torino, Kraljevina Sardinija
Smrt 9. januar 1878.
Rim, Kraljevina Italija

Vittorio Emanuele II (Torino, Kraljevina Sardinija, 14. mart 1820. - Rim, Kraljevina Italija, 9. januar 1878.), bio je sardinijski kralj od 1849. do 1861. i prvi kralj Ujedinjene Italije od 1861. do 1878.[1]

Biografija

Odrastao je na dvoru svoga oca - Carla Alberta u Torinu, gdje je primio konvencionalno religijsko - vojničko obrazovanje tipično za monarhe onog doba.[1] Oženio se sa rođakinjom Mariom Adelheide Habsburg, kćerkom austrijskog nadvojvode. Nakon Revolucije 1848, kada je izbio rat sa Austrijom - Vittorio Emanuele je postavljen za komandanta divizije. U nesretnoj kampanji koja je uslijedila dokazao se kao hrabar vojnik, ali slab general.[1]

Nakon očeve abdikacije, učvrstio je svoju poziciju utišavši lijeve republikance, ali mu je kompromiserska politika prema Austriji kojoj je pristao plaćati visoku odštetu, donijela značajnu sramotu u Italiji. U novembru 1852. je napravio značajan potez, kad je u vladu uključio sposobnog grofa Cavoura, čiji su ga iskusni manevri u narednih nekoliko godina, doveli do toga da postane kralj Italije.[1]

U odlučujućim bitkama Austrijsko-sardinijskog rata kod Magente i Solferina, Vittorio Emanuele je lično zapovjedao pijemontskom vojskom, ali je nakon primirja potpisanog u Villafranci, uspio primiriti Cavoura, koji je htio nastaviti rat sam, bez Francuza kao saveznika. Sljedeće godine Vittorio Emanuele je potajno pomagao Garibaldiju u rušenju Kraljevine dviju Sicilija i zauzimanju njenih teritorija. Tad je osobno poveo pijemontsku vojsku preko Papinske Države, kako bi se povezao sa snagama Garibaldija, zbog čega ga je papa Pijo IX ekskomunicirao.[1]

Nakon što je Cavour umro 1861., Vittorio Emanuele je dobio priliku da puno direktnije vlada, pa je i pored zastoja postigao dvije značajne pobjede; uspio je zauzeti Veneto nakon što se pridružio Bismarcku Francusko-pruskom ratu 1866., a nakon tog 1870. i zauzeti Rim nakon što se iz njeg povukla francuska vojska koja ga je štitila.[1] Okupacija Rima i njegovo proglašenje prijestolnicom Kraljevine Italije toliko je razljutilo papu Pija IX da je odbio sve pokušaje o pomirenju s Vittoriom, i nikad se nije sastao s njime. Ali je ipak nakon što je Vittorio Emanuele 1878. umro dopustio da se sahrani u Panteonu.[1]

Izvori

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 „Victor Emmanuel II” (engleski). Encyclopædia Britannica. Pristupljeno 02. 03. 2016. 

Vanjske veze

Prethodnik: Talijanski kralj Nasljednik:
- Umberto I od Italije

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