Venera i tri gracije razoružavaju Marsa

Venera i tri gracije razoružavaju Marsa
Jacques-Louis David, 1824.[1]
ulje na platnu , 308 × 256 cm
Kraljevski muzej lepih umetnosti u Briselu, Brisel
Centralna dvorana Kraljevskog muzeja lepih umetnosti u Briselu sa slikom u donjem desnom uglu.

Venera i tri gracije razoružavaju Marsa (fr. Mars désarmé par Vénus[2]) je poslednja slika koju je naslikao francuski slikar Žak-Luj David.

Rad na slici slikar je započeo 1822. godine u 73. godini života dok je bio u egzilu u Briselu i dovršio ju je 1824. godine, oko 20 meseci pre nego što je stradao u nesreći 1825. godine.[3] Sliku je poslao na izložbu u Pariz iz svoga egzila u Belgiji znajući da je romantizam postao prominentan u Pariškom Salonu. Slika je od 2007. godine izložena u centralnoj dvorani Kraljevskog muzeja lepih umetnosti u Briselu (fr. Musées royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique).

Slika prikazuje scenu iz rimske mitologije i religije u kojoj se rimski bog rata Mars prepušta ljubavnim čarima boginje Venere.[1] Ishod njihova odnosa još je neizvesan budući da Mars i dalje u ruci drži koplje, dok Venera okleva da mu na glavu stavi krunu, simbol prepuštanja telesnim zadovoljstvima.[1] Slika prikazuje i tri gracije koje preuzimaju oružje iz Marsovih ruku kao i Kupidona koji mu razvezuje sandale.[1] Mars je na Davidovoj slici prikazan gol dok mu spolne organe zaklanjaju golubice koje služe kao smokvin list.[1] Venera je prikazana kao izrazito bledoputa i vitkija nego je to uobičajeno na drugim slikama.[1] U prvim nacrtima iz 1817. Venera je prikazana okrenuta prema promatraču, sa golim grudima, nagnuta na Marsa ali je slikar u naknadnim nacrtima odustao od tog prikaza i odlučio se za udaljeniju i hladniju scenu prihvatljiviju savremenicima iz perioda Burbonske restauracije.[3] Prvi nacrt danas je pohranjen u Muzeju za umetnosti na Univerzitetu Harvard.[3]

Mitološka priča koja je poslužila kao inspiracija za nastanak ove slike govori o tome kako je bog Vulkan, osakaćeni muž božice Venere, otkrio kako ga Venera vara sa svojim ljubavnikom Marsom zbog čega je odlučio da dovede sve rimske bogove kako bi ih zatekli u preljubu i ismejali.[4] Legenda govori i kako do erupcija vulkana dolazi zbog Vulkanove ljutnje kada Venera odlazi svome ljubavniku Marsu.

Pojedini kritičati u slici Venera i tri gracije razoružavaju Marsa vide slučajnu parodiju prijašnje slike Zakletva Horacijeva iz 1784. budući da se Mars prepušta Veneri dok njegov pospan pogled dovodi u pitanje i njegovu sposobnost da odgovori na Venerin prilazak, dok se u Zakletvi Horacijevoj tri sina uspinju kako bi dohvatili mačeve i do smrti se borili da domovinu.[5] Ova se slučajna parodija uočava u historijskoj paraleli sa Francuskom revolucijom iz 1789. i naknadnim periodom Burbonske restauracije usmerene prema cilju dokidanja posledica Revolucije.

Izvori

  1. ↑ „Mars Disarmed By Venus And The Three Graces”. WikiArt. Pristupljeno 25. decembar 2016. 
  2. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Padiyar, Satish (01 June 2011). „Last Words: David's Mars Disarmed by Venus and the Graces (1824). Subjectivity, Death, and Postrevolutionary Late Style”. RIHA Journal-International Association of Research Institutes in the History of Art. Pristupljeno 25. decembar 2016. 
  3. ↑ O'Leary, Camille (01 June 2011). „Jacques-Louis David, Mars Being Disarmed By Venus”. My Kid Could Paint That-A group blog of Art History students at The Barstow School. Pristupljeno 25. decembar 2016. 
  4. ↑ Roberts, Warren (2015). „Rossini and Post-Napoleonic Europe”. University of Rochester Press. str. 135. Pristupljeno 25. decembar 2016. 

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