Troposfera

Troposfera (grč. tropos — povratak izmena i grč. sphaira — lopta) je najniži i najgušći deo atmosfere, koji se prostire od visine 8 km iznad polova i do 18 km iznad ekvatora. U njoj se nalazi 80% mase atmosfere, skoro sva atmosferska voda, tu se stvaraju oblaci, nastaju sva značajnija strujanja vazduha i odvijaju se sve vremenske promene. Temperatura s visinom opada i na gornjoj granici troposfere iznosi od -55 °C do -80 °C. Jedino je u ovom sloju moguć život. Od stratosfere je odvaja tropopauza.

Podela troposfere

U okviru same troposfere mogu se izdvojiti sledeća tri sloja:

  • Prizemni sloj — do visine od 100 metara, zbog direktnog kontakta sa Zemljinom površinom u ovom sloju su velika kolebanja temperature i vlažnosti vazduha.
  • Pogranični sloj — između 100 i 3000 metara, odlikuju ga ista kolebanja kao i u donjem sloju, osim što ovde dolazi do povećanja brzine vetra sa porastom nadmorske visine.
  • Slobodna atmosfera — najviši sloj troposfere između 3000 i 8000 metara, sa visinom opada temperatura i vlažnost vazduha, a kako je kondenzacija velika ovde se obrazuju svi tipovi oblaka.

Povezano

Literatura

  • Mastilo, Natalija (2005): Rečnik savremene srpske geografske terminologije, Geografski fakultet, Beograd
  • Dukić, Dušan (2006): Klimatologija, Geografski fakultet, Beograd

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