Mezopauza

Mezopauza je granični sloj između mezosfere i termosfere

Mezopauza je granični sloj u Zemljinoj atmosferi, između mezosfere i termosfere. Zbog smanjenog Sunčevog grijanja i vrlo jakog zračnog hlađenja od ugljikovog dioksida, mezopauza je najhladnije mjesto na Zemlji, sa temperaturama do – 100 °C.[1] Godinama se pretpostavljalo da ona leži na visini od 85 km iznad Zemljine površine, ali promatranja viših slojeva i proučavanja u zadnjih 10 godina, pokazala su da mezopauza ima dva minimuma: jedan na oko 85 km i još jači minimum na oko 100 km. [2]

Interesantno je da je mezopauza hladnija ljeti nego zimi. To se ponekad i naziva nepravilnost mezopauze. To je zbog uzlaznih struja po ljeti, te silaznih struja u zimi. Zrak koji se diže po ljeti se širi i hladi, tako da je po ljeti i hladnije. Suprotno, po zimi kada se zrak spušta, on se komprimira i tako zagrijava zrak u mezopauzi. Uzlazne struje ljeti nastaju zbog rasipanja gravitacionih valova, koje stvara moment sile nasuprot glavnom toku istok – zapad, pa se stvara slabi tok od sjevera prema jugu. [3]

U zadnje vrijeme mezopauza je bila u središtu proučavanja globalnog zatopljenja, koje je povezano sa povećanjem ugljikovog dioksida u atmosferi. Za razliku od troposfere, gdje staklenički plinovi zagrijavaju zrak, povećanje ugljikovog dioksida, u mezosferi se zrak više hladi. Promatranja su pokazala smanjenje temperature u mezosferi, iako to smanjenje se mijenja, pa se vode dodatna promatranja i daljnji proračuni i modeliranja. [4] [5] [6] [7]

Izvori

  1. ↑ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry: "Mesosphere". Compendium of Chemical Terminology Internet edition
  2. ↑ Xu Jiyao, Liu H.-L., Yuan W., Smith A. K., Roble R. G., Mertens C. J., Russell J. M., Mlynczak, M. G.: "Mesopause structure from Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics, and Dynamics (TIMED)/Sounding of the Atmosphere Using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER)", Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 112, Issue D9
  3. ↑ "The Physics of Atmospheres" John Theodore Houghton, section and references therein of The general circulation of the middle atmosphere
  4. ↑ Beig G., Keckhut P., Lowe R.P.: "Review of mesospheric temperature trends", Rev. Geophys., 2003.
  5. ↑ Roble R.G., Dickinson R.E.: "How will changes in carbon-dioxide and methane modify the mean structure of the mesosphere and thermosphere?" Geophys. Res. Lett. 16, 1989.
  6. ↑ Akmaev R.A., Fomichev V.I., Zhu X.: "Impact of middle-atmospheric composition changes on greenhouse cooling in the upper atmosphere", J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 68, 2006.
  7. ↑ Ingrid Cnossen, Matthew J. Harris, Neil F. Arnold and Erdal Yiğit, "Modelled effect of changes in the CO2 concentration on the middle and upper atmosphere: sensitivity to gravity wave parameterization", Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2008.

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