Reakcionar

Izraz reakcija u politici označava pojedince, organizacije, pokrete ili ideologije koji za cilj imaju nastojanje da se uklone ili eliminiraju ekonomsko-političke i uz njih vezane kulturne promjene u nekom društvu, odnosno da se ponovno uspostavi nekadašnji stvarni ili zamišljeni političko-ekonomski poredak. Pristaše reakcije se tradicionalno nazivaju reakcionarima, te se često navode kao suprotnost progresivizmu ili naprednjaštvu. Izraz potiče iz doba Francuske revolucije kada se počeo koristiti za njene protivnike, odnosno u post-revolucionarnom dobu za zagovornike uklanjanja svih njenih tekovina i povratak na predrevolucionarni ancien regime. Kasnije se počeo koristiti za slične fenomene vezane uz Revolucije 1848, odnosno u 20. vijeku, prije svega za Oktobarsku i druge komunističkom revolucijom inspirirane revolucije, čije su protivnike tadašnji režimi zvali "reakcionarnim". Gotovo u pravilu se vezuje uz politički spektar desnice, a reakcionari se smatraju bliskim konzervativcima, iako se od njih često razlikuju radikalizmom svojih stavova i inzistiranjem na povratku na staro, umjesto očuvanja status quoa. Izraz je gotovo u pravilu imao pežorativno značenje, odnosno njime se u modernim zapadnim društvima nastoje označiti pojedinci, organizacije i pokreti čiji se stavovi smatraju "nazadnim" ili "prevladanim". Izraz "reakcionar" se zbog svega toga prilično rijetko koristi od samih zagovornika reakcije; jedan od rijetkih primjera početkom 21. vijeka predstavlja tzv. pokret Mračnog prosvijetljenja čiji se pristaše nazivaju "neoreakcionarima".

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