Mencije

Mencije 孟]子
Drevna filozofija
Kineska filozofija
Rođenje372. pne.
Smrt289. pne.
Filozofija
Škola/TradicijaKonfucijanizam
Glavni interesiEtika, društvena filozofija, politička filozofija
Znamenite ideje
Inspiracija
Od
Na
Ime predaka (姓): Ji (kineski: 姬; Pinyin: Jī)
Ime klana (氏): Meng (Ch: 孟; Py: Mèng)[1]
Osobno ime (名): Ke (Ch: 軻; Py: Kē)
Kurtoazno ime (字): nepoznato[2]
Posthumno ime (謚): Gospodar Meng Drugi mudrac[3] (Ch: 亞聖孟子; Py: Yàshèng Mèngzǐ)
Stilizirano: 子; Py: Mèngzǐ)

Mencije (kineski: 孟子; Zhuyin/Bopomofo: ㄇㄥˋ ㄗ˙; Hanyu Pinyin: Mèng Zǐ; Wade-Giles: Meng Tzu), najprihvaćeniji datumni: 372 – 289. pne.; osrtali mogući datumi: 385 – 303/302. pne.) bio je kineski filozof za koga se drži da je bio najveći konfucijanac iza samog Konfucija.

Njegova su djela pisana kao dijalozi (u 7 knjiga), a u njima polemizira s utopističkim elementima u učenju Mo-tija, kao i sa skeptičko-hedonističkim nazorima realističke inačice konfucijanizma. Konfucijevu, u biti, aristokratsko-konzervativnu teoriju, po kojoj se vrlina stječe poglavito dobrim odgojem i održavanjem harmoničkih formi u ophođenju i razvijanju lijepih umjetnosti, zamijenio je mnogo širom socijalno-etičkom tezom, prema kojoj su svi ljudi po prirodi dobri, a jedino ih težnja za imovinom skreće s pravog puta.

Mencije je u središte svoje filozofije stavio ljudsku prirodu: po Konfuciju, svi ljudi imaju izvorno jednaku narav; po Mencijevoj interpretaciji, ta je izvorna narav dobra. U konfucijanskoj etici sistematizirao je četiri glavne vrline: ljubav, pravednost, moralnost i mudrost. Autorom je poznate izrjeke o tome kako svi ljudi imaju izvorno istu narav - "koja ne može podnijeti da vidi patnju drugih". Ta tvrdnja čini okosnicu idealističkoga konfucijanizma.

Napomene i literatura

  1. ↑ Originalno ime klana je bilo Mengsun (孟孫), a skraćeno je u Meng (孟). Ne zna se da li se to dogodilo prije ili poslije Mencijeve smrti.
  2. ↑ Tradicionalno se pretpostavljalo da mu je kurtoazno ime Ziche (子車), nekad pogrešno pisano kao Ziyu (子輿) ili Ziju (子居), ali nedavna istraživanja pokazuju da su se ta kurtoazna imena pojavila tek u 3. vijeku n.e. odnosno da je još jedna historijska ličnost po imenu Meng Ke također živjela u drevnoj Kini i greškom identificirana kao Mencije.
  3. ↑ Tj. drugi mudrac, iza prvog - Konfucija. Ime mu je godine 1530. dao car Jiajing. U dva vijeka prije 1530. godine, posthumno ime je bilo "Drugi mudrac Vojvoda od Zoua" (鄒國亞聖公) što je ime koje se može vidjeti u hramu Mencijevih predaka u Zouchengi.
  4. ↑ Romanizirano kao Mencije.
  • Chan, Wing-tsit (translated and compiled). A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963.
  • Graham, A.C., Disputers of the TAO: Philosophical Argument in Ancient China (Open Court 1993). ISBN 0-8126-9087-7

Vanjske veze

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