Manastir u Svijažsku

Manastir u Svijažsku
Svjetska baština – UNESCO
 Rusija
Registriran:2017.
Vrsta:Kulturno dobro
Mjerilo:ii, iv
Ugroženost:no
Referenca:UNESCO

Manastir u Svijažsku nalazi se u selu-ostrvu Svijažsku na ušću rijeka Svijaž i Ščuka u Volgu, Republika Tatarstan, Rusija. Svijažsk je kao tvrđavu podigao Ivan Grozni za 4 nedjelje 1551. godine od dijelova napravljenih u Ugliču i transportovanih niz Volgu. Postao je vojna baza ruske vojske odakle je pokrenuto osvajanje Kazanskog kanata.[1] Svijažsk se naziva ostrvom nakon izgradnje akumulacije Kujbišev nizvodno u Toljatiju 1955. godine, ali je u stvari povezano sa kopnom nasipom.

U isto vrijeme osnovana je i Kazanska eparhija u Tatarstanskoj mitropoliji Ruske pravoslavne crkve, kolijevka pravoslavlja u Kazanju i regionu Volge sa manastirom Uspenja Bogorodice, koji je bio glavno obrazovno-prosvetiteljsko središte tokom XVI—XVIII vijeka, u programu ruskog cara Ivana Groznog.

Svjetska baština

Manastir u Svijažsku je 2017. godine uvršten na listu UNESCO-ove svjetske baštine. Izgražene su u periodu od 12. do početka 17. vijeka.[2]

Manastirska cjelina je jedinstvena istorijska i arhitektonska vrijednost. Njegovi najstariji hramovi - Sabona crkva Uznesenja (1561. god) i Trpezarija Svetog Nikole (1556. god) sa zvonikom od 43 metra - priznata su remek-dijela ruske arhitekture 16. vijeka. To se posebno odnosi na freske nastale oko 1605. godine. Ovo je spomenik u stilu pskovsko-novgorodskih crkava (predloženi arhitekti su Postnik Jakovljev i Ivan Širaj). U 18. vijeku dobila je novu kupolu u ukrajinskom baroknom stilu, ali je njen izgled iz 16. vijeka ostao nepromijenjen. Trpezni hram Svetog Nikole Čudotvorca je najstarija sačuvana kamena crkva u Svijažsku. Njegov četvorospratni zvonik završen je u 17. veku.

Izvori

  1. ↑ „Rusija, spomenici upisani na listu svjetske baštine”. UNESCO: Svjetska baština. Pristupljeno 19. 1. 2023. 
  2. ↑ „Manastir u Svijažsku - br.1525”. UNESCO: Svjetska baština - whc.unesco.org. Pristupljeno 9. 4. 2023. (en)

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