Lowlands, Škotska

Lowlands
Scottish Lowlands
a' Ghalldachd
Karta škotske geografske podjele na Highlands i
Karta škotske geografske podjele na Highlands i
Karta škotske geografske podjele na Highlands i
Država  Škotska

Lowlands zvan i Scottish Lowlands (prevedeno Škotske nizine, škotsko-gelski: a' Ghalldachd = mjesto stranaca) je kulturološka i historijska regija Škotske, koja obuhvaća krajeve jugoistočno od linije Dumbarton - Stonehaven (sjeverozapadno od te crte prostire se Highlands).[1]

Osnovna razlika koja dijeli Highlands od Lowlandsa je nekad bio jezik, po Lowlandsu se govorio škotski, kog neki drže samo dijalektom ili u krajnjoj liniji vrlo bliskim engleskom, dok se po Highlandsu govorilo - škotsko-gelskim (keltskim).[1]

Geografske karakteristike

Lowlands je dakle prvenstveno kulturološka regija, a dijeli ga se na dvije glavne geografske cjeline; Central Lowlands (Centralne nizine) i Southern Uplands (Južne visoravni).[1]

Termin - Lowlands se ponekad koristi u užem smislu samo na Central Lowlands (Centralne doline). Velik dio tog kraja, za koji su karakteristične sedimentne stijene sa nalazištima ugljena, leži u slivu rijeka Forth i Clyde.[1]

Tokom historije ta dolina bila je najrazvijeniji poljoprivredni kraj Škotske. Tokom 19. i početkom 20. vijeka, kad se počeo eksploatirati ugljen u Central Lowlandsu se koncentrirala industrija i naselilo puno stanovnika, tako da danas tu živi 80 % stanovnika Škotske.[1]

Od kad su rudarstvo i teška industrija od sredine 20. vijeka počeli propadati, njih su zamjenile nove industrije; proizvodnja elektronskih komponenti i kompjutora, telekomunikacije, software uz financije i uslužni sektor, tako da je Central Lowlands i danas centar škotske ekonomije.[1]

Izvori

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 „Lowlands” (engleski). Encyclopædia Britannica. Pristupljeno 12. 1. 2015. 

Vanjske veze

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