Bitka kod Pilosa

Bitka kod Pilosa
Segment Peloponeski rat
Datum 425. pne.
Lokacija Pilos
Ishod atinska pobeda
Sukobljene strane
Atina Sparta
Komandanti i vođe
Demosten Trasimelid.
Snage
50 brodova
stotine vojnika
60 brodova
nepoznat broj vojnika
Žrtve i gubici
nepoznati nepoznati

Bitka kod Pilosa odigrala se 425. pne. između Atine i Sparte. To je bila jedna od bitaka Peloponeskog rata. S tom bitkom je povezana Bitka kod Sfakterije. Bitka je završila Atinskom pobedom.

Uvod

U proleće 425. pne. Sparta pomaže Mesini na Siciliji da se pobuni protiv Atine. U isto vreme Sparta započinje novu invaziju Atike pod komandom kralja Agisa. Atinjani šalju 40 brodova prema Siciliji pod komandom Eurimedona . Od njih se zahteva da usput pomognu i Korkiri. Demosten nakon pobede u bici kod Olpeje, putuje sa flotom. Zbog nevremena se sklanjaju kod Pilosa ( jedna prirodna luka Peloponeza oko 70 km od Sparte), što im je odgodilo putovanje do Korkire.

Demostenov plan

To se svidilo Demostenu, jer je imao plan da utvrdi Pilos, dobije dobro uporište ne tako daleko od Sparte. Osnovna strateška zamisao je bila da se potakne pobuna helota, robova o kojima je Sparta zavisila. Heloti su se bavili zemljoradnjom i stočarstvom, dok su građani Sparte vežbali da budu vojnici. Drugi komadanti su smatrali da je Demostenova ideja gubljenje vremena, ali čekajući poboljšanje vremena, vojnici su napravili utvrđenje za 6 dana. Demosten je ostao kraj utvrđenja sa 6 brodova, dok je ostatak flote nastavio put prema Korkiri i onda prema Siciliji.

Sparta povlači armiju iz Atike

Kad je Sparta uočila da se Atina utvrdila kod Pilosa, povlače svoju armiju iz Atike. Idu prema Pilosu i sazivaju flotu od 60 brodova sa naredbom da se nađu kod Pilosa. Demosten je uočio spartanske namere, pa šalje dva svoja broda da pozovu ostatak flote. Luka kod Pilosa je veliki zaliv, kod koga je morski prilaz gotovo potpuno blokiran šumovitim ostrvcetom Sfakterijom. Postojao je samo uzak prolaz sa obe strane Sfakterije.

Pripreme Sparte za osvajanje Pilosa

Spartanci su nameravali da blokiraju utvrđenje Pilos i sa mora i sa kopna.Nameravali su da blokiraju oba uska prolaza kraj Sfakterije, da bi atinskoj floti sprečili ulazak u luku. Spartanci iskrcavaju na Sfakteriju 440 hoplita pod vođstvom Epitada. Ostatak armije pripremaju za osvajanje utvrđenja, a ako ne uspiju počeće opsadu. Demosten je imao malo hoplita. Većina njegovih vojnika su bili nenaoružani mornari. Na najslabiji deo utvrđenja, gde je očekivao Spartansko iskrcavanje, postavlja 60 hoplita, a ostatak vojnika postavlja na zidine.

Bitka

Pod komandom Brasida i Trasimelida 43 spartanska broda pokušavaju da se iskrcaju, ali Atinske trupe su pružile žestok otpor. A i teren je bio izuzetno kamenit. Brasida je bio ozleđen, a spartanske trupe su odbijene. Spartanci su napadali tvrđavu 3 dana i zaključili su da ne mogu osvojiti utvrđenje.

Posle trećeg dana vraća se atinska flota sa 50 brodova. Spartanci nisu blokirali ulaz u luku, nego su zbog svoje inferiornosti u morskim veštinama baš želili da se sukobe sa atinskim brodovima u skučenom prostoru. Atinska flota ulazi u pomorsku bitku sa spartanskom flotom i spartanski brodovi beže. Spartanske trupe iskrcane na Sfakteriji ostaju odsečene bez ikakvog prevoza.

Posle bitke

Nakon proterivanja spartanskih brodova, atinski brodovi okružuju osrvo Sfakeriju, spečavajući beg Spartanaca sa Sfakterije. Spartanci pokušavaju sklopiti mir sa Atinom kojim bi povratili vojnike sa Sfakterije. Šalju ambasadora u Atinu. Atinjani ostaju u Pilosu 72 dana, a za to vreme ne nalazi se diplomatsko rešenje. Atinjani konačno savladavaju Spartance na Sfakteriji.

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