Al Hudaida

Al Hudaida
الحديدة‎
Koordinate: 14°48′N 42°57′E / 14.800°N 42.950°E / 14.800; 42.950
Država  Jemen
Visina 17
Stanovništvo (2004)
 - Grad 402.560[1]
Karta
Al Hudaida na mapi Jemena
Al Hudaida
Al Hudaida

Al Hudaida (arapski: الحديدة) je četvrti grad po veličini u Jemenu sa svojih 402.560 stanovnika.[1]

Al Hudaida je administrativni centar istoimene jemenske Muhafaze (provincije) Al Hudaida. Grad je također poznat i pod imenom Hodeida. Al Hudaida leži na obalama Crvenog mora, važna je pomorska luka, koja se razvila sredinom 19. st. za Otomanskog carstva kao centar za izvoz kave, pamuka, datula, i životinjskih koža iz unutrašnjosti Jemena.

Historija

Na samom početku Prvog svjetskog rata 1914 godine, njemački obavještajci pod vodstvom majora Othmara von Stotzingena uspjeli su instalirati radio stanicu u Al Hudaidi, koja je korištena u vrijeme Arapske pobune (1916.-1918.) kao komunikacijska baza za vezu s Istanbulom i Njemačkom istočnom Afrikom. Iz te radio stanice su se emitirale i propagandne emisije namjenjene Sudanu, Somaliji i Abesiniji.[2]

Al Hudaidu su nakratko okupirale trupe Saudijske Arabije tokom Saudijsko- jemenskog rata 1934 godine. Nakon katastrofalnog požara u januaru 1961 godine, koji je uništio veliki dio grada, on je obnovljen, naročito lučki objekti uz pomoć Sovjetskog Saveza. Tad je napravljena i prva asfaltna cesta do glavnog grada Sane. Hudaida je bila sovjetska pomorska baza od početka 1970-ih do kraja 1980-ih.

Grad ima veliki broj značajnih historijskih spomenika, osobito u starom dijelu grada Zabidu, koji se drži za jedan od najvažnijih islamskih centara u svijetu. Zabid nije velik, ali ima više od 100 starih džamija, u njemu se nalazi i islamska medresa (jednako stara kao i Kairski al-Azhar).

Malajski pisac Abdulah bin Abdul Kadir posjetio je grad Al Hudaidu za vrijeme svog hodočašća u Meku 1854 godine. Njega je impresioniralo to da su mnogi u to vrijeme žvakali listove etiopskog čaja - Kat, i da je to bio neka vrst narodnog običaja u to vrijeme.[3]

Reference

  1. 1,0 1,1 Yemen: Governerates, Cities & Villages - Statistics & Maps on City Population
  2. Waugh, Sir Telford (1937). Royal Central Asian Journal Volume XXIV part II. str. 313. translating the German account given in the German journal, Orient Rundschau (en)
  3. Ché-Ross, Raimy. MUNSHI ABDULLAH'S VOGAGE TO MECCA: A PRELIMINARY INTRODUCTION AND ANNOTATED TRANSLATION. Indonesia & the Malay World; juli 2000, Vol. 28 Issue 81, str. 196 (en)

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