Šumski požar

Šumski požar u SAD (Montana, Bitterroot National Forest, 2000)
Šumski požar u SAD (Wyoming, Shoshone National Forest, 2001)

Šumski požar je nekontrolirano, stihijsko kretanja vatre po šumskoj površini. Spada u prirodne katastrofe. Razlikuje se po vrsti, načinu postanka i štetama. Za nastanak požara potrebna je određena temperatura, tlak i kisik, ako se jedno od toga ukloni, požar prestaje.

Uzroci šumskih požara

Štete od šumskih požara

  • stradanje ljudi
  • uništavanje drveća
  • erozija šumskog tla, oštećivanje fizičkih svojstava tla, smanjenje količine humusa i proizvodne sposobnosti tla
  • narušavanje estetske vrijednosti okoliša
  • štete od uginuća šumskih životinja
  • uništavanje stambenih i gospodarskih objekata

Vrste šumskih požara

  • Podzemni požar ili požar tla nastaje kad se zapali listinac u tlu ili podzemne naslage treseta. Takva vatra polako napreduje i tinja. Čini najmanje štete i najlakše se gasi.
  • Prizemni požar nastaje kada se zapale pokrov tla, humus, lišće, iglice, mahovina, suha trava, suho drvo, panjevi. To je najčešċi oblik šumskih požara, brzo se širi, ima obilje plamena i vrućine.
  • Ovršni požar ili požar krošanja razvije se iz prizemnog požara ako zahvati grane stabala mladih sastojina. Može biti leteći požar krošanja ili prizemni požar. Nastaje u sušno doba godine. Najčešće gore iglice. Da bi se mogao širiti, potreban je prizemni požar i vjetar. Najopasniji je i najteže se suzbija. Vrtlozi vjetra mogu ga prenijeti i više desetaka metara dalje, ostavljajući ponekad iza sebe i veće neizgorjele površine.
  • Požar pojedinačnih stabala nastaje od udara munje. Čest je u prašumama, gdje ima mnogo suhih grana.

Potencijalno gorivo za šumske požare

Šumski požar u SAD (Jackson, Wyoming, 2003)
  • živa stabla
  • postojno grmlje
  • pokrov tla
  • biljke travnatog karaktera
  • mahovina
  • suha stabla
  • drvni otpaci

Borba protiv šumskih požara

  • preventivno djelovanje
  • pravovremeno otkrivanje
  • dojava
  • intervencija

U preventivno djelovanje spada zabrana loženja vatre u šumi od 1. ožujka do 15. studenog, plan zaštite, nabava i razmještaj opreme, obuka, motriteljsko-dojavna služba, vatrogasne ophodnje, izgradnja sustava veza, sadnja vrsta drveća koje su teže zapaljive, npr. bukva i grab. Uklanjanje suhih stabala i raznovrsnih drvenih otpadaka.

Vanjske veze

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