Эхо-симптом

Э́хо-симпто́мы (от др.-греч. ἠχώ — «отголосок, эхо» и σύμπτωμα — «случайность, несчастная случайность, приступ болезни»[1][2]) — психопатологические явления, непроизвольная имитация больным движений, мимики, слов и других действий окружающих[3].

Выделяются следующие эхо-симптомы:[3]

  • Эхография — патологическое многократное переписывание одних и тех же слов;
  • Эхопраксия — повторение увиденных действий;
    • Эхокинез (эхокинезия) — повторение движений (собеседника или других людей);
  • Эхолалия (эхофразия, эхопалилалия[4]) — повторение слов и предложений;
  • Эхомимия — повторение мимики;
  • Эхолалиоплазия (англ. echolalioplasia) — повторение жестов (язык жестов)[5].

Эхо-симптомы встречаются при синдроме Туретта[5], кататонической шизофрении[3], реже умственной отсталости[3], иногда при некоторых неврологических заболеваниях.

Явления эхо-симптомов учёными объясняются как расторможение подражательного рефлекса[6].

Примечания

  1. ↑ Ἠχώ // Древнегреческо-русский словарь / Сост. Дворецкий И. Х., под ред. Соболевского С. И. — М.: Государственное издательство иностранных и национальных словарей, 1958. — Т. I. — С. 765. — 1043 с.
  2. ↑ Σύμπτωμα // Древнегреческо-русский словарь / Сост. Дворецкий И. Х., под ред. Соболевского С. И. — М.: Государственное издательство иностранных и национальных словарей, 1958. — Т. II. — С. 1542. — 1904 с.
  3. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Стоименов Й. А., Стоименова М. Й., Коева П. Й. и др. Психиатрический энциклопедический словарь. — Киев: «МАУП», 2003. — С. 1186—1187. — 1200 с. — ISBN 966-608-306-X.
  4. ↑ Robert Jean Campbell. Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary (англ.). — Oxford University Press, 2009. — P. 317. — ISBN 978-0-19-534159-1. (англ.)
  5. ↑ 1 2 Ganos C., Ogrzal T., Schnitzler A., Münchau A. The pathophysiology of echopraxia/echolalia: relevance to Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (англ.) // Mov. Disord.[англ.] : journal. — 2012. — Vol. 27, no. 10. — P. 1222—1229. — doi:10.1002/mds.25103. — PMID 22807284. (англ.)
  6. ↑ О. В. Кербиков, М. В. Коркина, Р. А. Наджаров, А. В. Снежневский. Психиатрия. — 2 изд. — М.: Медицина, 1968. — С. 96.

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