Универсальный инструмент

Универса́льный инструме́нт — переносной астрономический прибор, дающий возможность измерить высоту светила над горизонтом и его азимут; состоит из горизонтальных и вертикальных кругов, заменяет теодолит, меридиональный круг и др. Иногда универсальный инструмент называется альтазимутом.

Описание

Существенную часть инструмента составляют два круга, на которых нанесены деления. Один из них расположен горизонтально; с помощью уровня можно каждый раз при наблюдениях выверять его положение. В центре этого круга скреплена с ним вертикальная ось вращения инструмента, к которой и приделан второй круг, расположенный вертикально. Труба насаживается на горизонтальную ось, проходящую через центр второго круга. Углы на деленных кругах (азимуты на горизонтальном круге, высоты на вертикальном) отсчитываются с помощью приделанных к кругам микроскопов (прежде употреблялись для этой цели верньеры). Иногда труба бывает «ломанная», — окулярная её половина служит в то же время горизонтальною осью вращения. В месте излома трубы помещается призма, отбрасывающая лучи света от объектива. Окуляр при таком приспособлении, приходясь на конце горизонтальной оси, не меняет своего положения в зависимости от высоты светила на небе, что очень удобно для наблюдателя.

Если разделён точно на части только один горизонтальный круг, то инструмент называется теодолитом; такие инструменты употребляются преимущественно при триангуляциях и других геодезических операциях, где нужно измерять исключительно горизонтальные углы; если, наоборот, горизонтальный круг разделён на части грубее, и инструмент служит только для измерения высот, то он носит название вертикального круга.

См. также

Ссылки

Read other articles:

353rd Fighter Group

WW2 US Army Air Forces unit 353rd Fighter GroupP-51 Mustang of the 353rd Fighter GroupActive1942–1945CountryUnited StatesBranchUnited States Army Air ForcesRoleFighterPart ofVIII Fighter CommandGarrison/HQEuropean Theatre of World War IINickname(s)Slybird GroupColorsYellow/black checkered cowlInsignia4th Fighter Group Emblem350th Fighter SquadronLH351st Fighter SquadronYJ352nd Fighter SquadronSXAircraft flownFighterP-40 Warhawk, 1942–1943P-47 Thunderbolt 1943–1944P-51 Mustang 1944...

 

Florida Senate

Upper house of the Florida Legislature Florida Senate2022–2024 Florida LegislatureTypeTypeUpper house of the Florida Legislature Term limits2–3 terms (8 years)[a]HistoryFoundedMay 26, 1845Preceded byLegislative Council of the Territory of FloridaLeadershipPresidentKathleen Passidomo (R) since November 22, 2022 President pro temporeDennis Baxley (R) since November 22, 2022 Majority LeaderBen Albritton (R) since November 14, 2022 Minority LeaderLauren Book (D) s...

 

Edward Aritonang

Ini adalah nama Batak Toba, marganya adalah Aritonang. Edward Aritonang Kepala Kepolisian Daerah Jawa TengahMasa jabatan23 Agustus 2010 – 11 Juli 2011 PendahuluAlex Bambang RiatmodjoPenggantiDidiek Sutomo TriwidodoKepala Kepolisian Daerah Nusa Tenggara TimurMasa jabatan2002–2005 PendahuluBrigjen. Pol. Yakobus Jacki UlyPenggantiR.B. Sadarum Informasi pribadiLahir28 September 1953 (umur 70)Rantau Prapat, Sumatera Utara, IndonesiaPartai politikNasDemSuami/istriFrida SilalahiAna...

Timothy Goes to School

Canadian TV series or program Timothy Goes to SchoolGenreChildren's television seriesComedySlice of lifePreschoolBased onBooks written by Rosemary WellsDeveloped byKate BarrisDirected byGary HurstVoices ofAustin Di IulioLisa YamanakaAlyson CourtMax MorrowMag RuffmanDarren FrostRob StefaniukTracy RyanLaurie ElliottJoanne VannicolaLinda KashFiona ReidJamie WatsonTheme music composerStan MeissnerOpening themeIt's a Brand New DayEnding themeIt's a Brand New Day (instrumental)ComposerStan Meissne...

 

Ulakhan-Bom

Range of mountains in North-eastern Russia Ulakhan-BomУлахан-БомThe Verkhoyansk Range, including the Sette-Daban and Suntar-KhayataHighest pointPeakUnnamedElevation1,830 m (6,000 ft)DimensionsLength400 km (250 mi) NNW/SSEGeographyLocation in Yakutia, Russia LocationSakha Republic (Yakutia), Russian Far EastRange coordinates61°N 137°E / 61°N 137°E / 61; 137Parent rangeVerkhoyansk RangeEast Siberian SystemGeologyOrogenyAlpine oro...

 

Tablet Android Vizio

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2022. Artikel atau beberapa bagian di dalam artikel ini saling kontradiktif. Tablet Android Vizio merupakan tablet berbasis android dan smartphone pertama yang diciptakan oleh perusahaan elektronik Vizio, produsen televisi terkemuka asal California, Amerika...

Pelé

Artikel ini perlu diterjemahkan dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia. Artikel ini ditulis atau diterjemahkan secara buruk dari Wikipedia bahasa Inggris. Jika halaman ini ditujukan untuk komunitas bahasa Inggris, halaman itu harus dikontribusikan ke Wikipedia bahasa Inggris. Lihat daftar bahasa Wikipedia. Artikel yang tidak diterjemahkan dapat dihapus secara cepat sesuai kriteria A2. Jika Anda ingin memeriksa artikel ini, Anda boleh menggunakan mesin penerjemah. Namun ingat, mohon tidak men...

 

奥斯卡尔·托尔普

此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充。 (2022年1月1日)若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议，译文需在编辑摘要注明来源，或于讨论页顶部标记{{Translated page}}标签。 奥斯卡尔·托尔普出生1893年6月8日 逝世1958年5月1日  （64歲）奥斯陆 職業政治人物 政党工党...

 

Gresik United FC

Gresik United FCNama lengkapGresik United Football ClubJulukanLaskar Joko Samudro Kota/KabupatenKabupaten GresikFederasiPSSIBerdiri2 Desember 2005Stadion Stadion Gelora Joko Samudro, Kabupaten Gresik, Jawa Timur, Indonesia(Kapasitas: 25.000) PemilikPT Gresik Usaha SejahteraManajer Gomes de OlivieraPelatih Rudy Eka PriyambadaLigaLiga 2Situs webSitus web resmi klubKelompok suporterUltras Gresik Kostum kandang Kostum tandang Kostum ketiga Musim ini Gresik United FC[1] disingkat GUFC...

Dinotrux

2015 American comedy television series This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: unencyclopedic and incomprehensible text. Please help improve this article if you can. (January 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) DinotruxAlso known asDinotrux Supercharged (seasons 6–8)Genre Comedy Based onDinotrux book seriesby Chris GallShowrunnersDavid KiddRon BurchVoices of Andrew Francis Richard Ian Cox Ashleigh Ball Matt Hill Brian Dr...

 

1920 in Switzerland

List of events ← 1919 1918 1917 1920 in Switzerland → 1921 1922 1923 Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s See also: History of Switzerland Timeline of Swiss history List of years in Switzerland Events during the year 1920 in Switzerland. Incumbents Federal Council:[1] Giuseppe Motta (president)[2] Edmund Schulthess Robert Haab Karl Scheurer Jean-Marie Musy Ernest Chuard Heinrich Häberlin Events 10 January – The League of Nations is established with Switzerland...

 

Cattle in religion and mythology

An Indian cow and its calf— a late 7th century sculpture from Uttar Pradesh There are varying beliefs about cattle in societies and religions. Cattle are considered sacred in Indian religions such as Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism, as well as in African paganism. Cattle played other major roles in many religions, including those of ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, ancient Israel, ancient Rome. In some regions, especially most states of India, the slaughter of cattle is prohibited and their m...

Gender-blind

Social attitude Part of a series onFeminism History Feminist history History of feminism Women's history American British Canadian German Waves First Second Third Fourth Timelines Women's suffrage Muslim countries US Other women's rights Women's suffrage by country Austria Australia Canada Colombia India Japan Kuwait Liechtenstein New Zealand Spain Second Republic Francoist Switzerland United Kingdom Cayman Islands Wales United States states Intersectional variants Fat Lesbian Lesbian of colo...

 

Slavery in Tunisia

The Act of Abolition of Slavery in Tunisia in 1846. Part of a series onForced labour and slavery Contemporary Child Labour Child soldiers Conscription Debt Forced marriage Bride buying Child marriage Wife selling Forced prostitution Human trafficking Peonage Penal labour Contemporary Africa 21st-century jihadism Sexual slavery Wage slavery Historical Antiquity Egypt Babylonia Greece Rome Medieval Europe Ancillae Black Sea slave trade Byzantine Empire Kholop Prague slave trade Serfs History I...

 

Suzuki Ignis

Suzuki IgnisInformasiProdusenSuzukiMasa produksi2000–20082016–sekarangBodi & rangkaKelasMobil subkompak (B)Tata letakMesin depan, penggerak roda depanMesin depan, penggerak 4 roda Suzuki Ignis adalah mobil subkompak yang diproduksi oleh Suzuki antara tahun 2000 dan 2008, menggantikan Suzuki Cultus dan kemudian sebagai sebuah crossover kecil mulai tahun 2016. Sebagai hasil proyek bersama antara General Motors (GM) dan Suzuki, mulai tahun 2001 Ignis juga dijual dengan nama Chevrolet Cru...

Breitenbach-Haut-Rhin

Commune in Grand Est, France Commune in Grand Est, FranceBreitenbach-Haut-RhinCommuneNew town hall of Breitenbach Coat of armsLocation of Breitenbach-Haut-Rhin Breitenbach-Haut-RhinShow map of FranceBreitenbach-Haut-RhinShow map of Grand EstCoordinates: 48°01′27″N 7°06′05″E / 48.0242°N 7.1014°E / 48.0242; 7.1014CountryFranceRegionGrand EstDepartmentHaut-RhinArrondissementColmar-RibeauvilléCantonWintzenheimIntercommunalityVallée de MunsterGovernment �...

 

Sarasota Opera

Sarasota Opera House, late March 2008, after complete interior and exterior renovation Sarasota Opera is a professional opera company in Sarasota, Florida, USA, which was founded as the Asolo Opera Guild and, until 1974, presented a visiting company's productions. Between 1974 and 1979, it set about mounting its own productions in the same venue until, in 1979, it acquired the Edwards Theatre, which became the Sarasota Opera House in 1984. The house underwent a further renovation in 2008, cre...

 

Sport- und Schwimmverein Jahn 2000 Regensburg 2021-2022

Voce principale: Sport- und Schwimmverein Jahn 2000 Regensburg. Sport- und Schwimmverein Jahn 2000 RegensburgStagione 2021-2022Sport calcio Squadra Jahn Ratisbona Allenatore Mersad Selimbegović All. in seconda Thomas Barth Sebastian Dreier Jonas Maier Markus Palionis 2. Bundesliga15º posto Coppa di GermaniaSecondo turno Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Besuschkow (33)Totale: Besuschkow (35) Miglior marcatoreCampionato: Albers (9)Totale: Albers (10) StadioJahnstadion Regensburg Maggior num...

Österrike i olympiska sommarspelen 1948

Österrike i olympiska spelen IOK-landskodAUT KommittéÖsterrikes olympiska kommittéOlympiska sommarspelen 1948 i LondonDeltagare147 deltagare i 17 grenar • Damer15 • Herrar132 Medaljsummering Guld1 Silver0 Brons3 Totalt4 Placering21:a Österrike i olympiska sommarspelen1896 • 1900 • 1904 • 1908 • 1912 • 1920 • 1924 • 1928 • 1932 • 1936 • 1948 • 1952 • 1956...

 

Bacoli

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento centri abitati della Campania non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Bacolicomune Bacoli – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regione Campania Città metropolitana Napoli AmministrazioneSindacoJosi Gerardo Della Ragione (centro-sinistra) dal 9-6-2019 TerritorioCoordinate40°48′N 14...