Течь перед разрушением

«Течь перед разрушением» (англ. leak before break; ТПР) — концепция строительства труб, при котором они не разрушаются полностью, а сначала допускают течь, которую можно обнаружить и которая не угрожает функционированию сооружения[1]. Концепция применяется при строительстве корпусов ракет, газо- и нефтепроводов, сосудов под давлением, в ядерных реакторах и т. д.[2]

Техническая реализация концепции впервые была описана Джорджем Рэнкином Ирвином[англ.] в статье «Разрушение сосудов под давлением» (англ. Fracture of Pressure Vessels, 1963)[2][1].

Наиболее активно концепция исследовалась для ядерных реакторов, поскольку их трубы содержат воду, утечка которой менее проблемна, чем утечка газа или нефти, а также поскольку такие трубы в ядерных реакторах находятся в помещениях, из-за чего утечки проще детектировать[1].

Газопроводы подвергаются продольным, сжимающим напряжениям и потому в газовой отрасли концепция «течь перед разрушением» обычно направлена на обнаружение осевых дефектов, а в ядерных реакторах трубы подвергаются давлению и потому концепция применяется для обнаружения окружных дефектов[2].

Примечания

  1. ↑ 1 2 3 Bourga, R., Moore, P., Janin, Y. J., Wang, B., & Sharples, J. (2015). Leak-before-break: Global perspectives and procedures Архивная копия от 6 июня 2023 на Wayback Machine. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 129, 43-49.
  2. ↑ 1 2 3 Wilkowski, G. (2000). Leak-before-break: What does it really mean? Архивная копия от 6 июня 2023 на Wayback Machine. J. Pressure Vessel Technol., 122(3), 267—272.

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