Сумма активных температур

Сумма активных температур — показатель, характеризующий количество тепла и выражающийся суммой средних суточных температур воздуха или почвы, превышающий определённый порог: 0, 5, 10 °C или биологический минимум температуры, необходимой для развития определённого растения.

Вычисление показателя

Рассчитывается как сумма среднесуточных температур за те дни, когда эта температура превышает установленный порог. При этом среднесуточные температуры исчисляются как среднее арифметическое показаний наружного термометра утром, в полдень, на исходе дня и в полночь (сумма показаний делится на четыре).

Допустим, нам надо рассчитать сумму активных температур выше 10 °С. Если у нас 1 января температура была −20 °C, то этот день никак не учитывается в расчёте, и так до самого 1 мая, когда, наконец, среднесуточная температура составила 11 °C. Мы запомнили это число. 2 мая температура была 10 °C, и опять этот день нас не интересует. 3 мая температура была 15 °C, и мы прибавляем 11 + 15. И так до наступления среднесуточных температур ниже 10 °C. Также сумму активных температур используют при подсчёте ГТК (гидротермического коэффициента).

Применение в сельском хозяйстве

Потребность некоторых культур в тепле (сумма активных температур выше 10 °C): яровая пшеница — 1200—1700, в зависимости от сорта; ячмень — 960—1450; овёс — 1000—1600; просо — 1410—1950; гречиха — 1200—1400; кукуруза — 1100—2900; подсолнечник — 2000—2300; картофель — 1200—1800 [1][2].

См. также

Литература

  • Лосев А. П. Практикум по агрометеорологическому обеспечению растениеводства. — Санкт-Петербург: Гидрометеоиздат, 1994. — 244 с.

Примечания

  1. ↑ Карта Агроклиматическое районирование России. Дата обращения: 2 января 2023. Архивировано 2 января 2023 года.
  2. ↑ Карты с изолиниями значений суммы активных температур (САТ) и суммы эффективных температур (СЭТ) от 500°С до 3500°С с шагом 500°С. Дата обращения: 2 января 2023. Архивировано 11 апреля 2023 года.

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