Постоянный Совет

Заседание Постоянного Совета

Постоянный Совет (пол. Rada Nieustająca) — высший административный орган Речи Посполитой в 1775—1789 годах.

Был образован в марте 1775 года после первого раздела Речи Посполитой под влиянием российской императрицы Екатерины II. К 1789 году Совет являлся главным административным органом Речи Посполитой.

История

Совет состоял из монарха (король польский и великий князь литовский), представителей Сената (18 сенаторов) и знати (18 шляхтичей), и имел пять департаментов: иностранных дел, военный, полиции, казначейства и юстиции.

Каждые два года 18 депутатов-шляхтичей переизбирались сеймом[1]. Уже первый состав Совета выбирался в соответствии со списком, составленным Екатериной II (только три кандидата попали в Совет в соответствии с желанием Пруссии). Декреты Постоянного Совета подписывал король, но он не имел права их отклонять.

Постоянный Совет избирался на вальных сеймах и был подотчетен Сейму. По существу, Совет стал первым в истории Речи Посполитой органом «межсеймовой» высшей власти, который контролировал все сферы жизни страны. Однако при этом из-за большой коррумпированности члены Совета были подчинены российскому правительству.

19 января 1789 года на заседании Четырехлетнего Сейма Постоянный Совет был ликвидирован абсолютным большинством голосов.

Примечания

  1. ↑ Тымовский М., Кеневич Я., Хольцер Е. История Польши / Пер. с польского. — М.: Весь мир, 2004. — (Национальная история). — ISBN 5-7777-0294-5.

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