Метод Виккерса

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. HV.
Установка для измерения твёрдости

Метод Виккерса — (является статичным) метод измерения твёрдости металлов и сплавов по Виккерсу. Регламентируется ГОСТ 2999-75[1] и ISO 6507[2].

Сущность метода заключается во вдавливании в испытуемый материал правильной четырёхгранной алмазной пирамиды с углом 136° между противоположными гранями.

Величина твёрдости по Виккерсу — отношение нагрузки Р к площади поверхности полученного пирамидального отпечатка. Метод Виккерса позволяет определять твёрдость азотированных и цементированных поверхностей, а также тонких листовых материалов. Наблюдается хорошее совпадение значений твёрдости по Виккерсу и Бринеллю в пределах от 100 до 450 НV. Основными параметрами при измерении твёрдости по Виккерсу являются нагрузка Р до 980,7 Н (100 кгс) и время выдержки 10—15 с.

Также метод вдавливания пирамиды Виккерса применяется с малыми нагрузками, до 4,905 Н (по ГОСТ 9450-76), в этом случае речь идёт о микротвердости[3].

Обозначение твёрдости

В соответствии с ГОСТ 2999-75, твëрдость по Виккерсу при условиях испытания F=294,2 Н (30 кгс) и времени выдержки под нагрузкой 10-15 с - обозначается цифрами, характеризующими величину твëрдости, и буквами HV. При других условиях испытания после букв HV указывается нагрузка и время выдержки.

Примеры обозначения:

  • 500 HV - твëрдость по Виккерсу, полученная при нагрузке F=30 кгс и времени выдержки 10-15 с;
  • 220 HV 10/40 - твëрдость по Виккерсу, полученная при нагрузке 98,07 (10 кгс) и времени выдержки 40 с.

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ ГОСТ 2999-75 (СТ СЭВ 470-77) Металлы и сплавы. Метод измерения твердости по Виккерсу
  2. ↑ ISO 6507-1:2005 Metallic materials. Vickers hardness test. Part 1: Test method
  3. ↑ ГОСТ 9450-76. Измерение микротвердости вдавливанием алмазных наконечников. internet-law.ru. Дата обращения: 12 декабря 2023. Архивировано 12 декабря 2023 года.

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