Индекс Галлахера

Индекс Галлахера (англ. Gallagher index), или индекс наименьших квадратов (англ. Least squares index, LSq) — показатель, измеряющий непропорциональность или несоответствие между долями голосов, поданных за политические партии на выборах, и долями мест, полученных ими в представительных органах. Используется в сравнительных политологических исследованиях избирательных систем, стабильности правительств и их подотчётности электорату. Индекс был разработан Майклом Галлахером (Тринити-колледж, Дублин) в 1989 году и представлен в (Gallagher, 1991).

Индекс рассчитывается квадратный корень полусуммы квадратов разностей между процентом набранных голосов () и процентом мест в легислатуре () для каждой партии, участвовавшей в выборах ()[1]:

В основе показателя лежит идея, сходная с идеей метода наименьших квадратов: сумма квадратов расстояний между долями мандатов и голосов партий будет стремиться к нулю, если мандаты в парламенте распределяются пропорционально количеству поданных за партию голосов.

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ Gallagher, 1991, p. 40.

Литература

  • Gallagher M. Proportionality, Disproportionality and Electoral Systems // Electoral Studies. — 1991. — № 10. — P. 33–51. — doi:10.1016/0261-3794(91)90004-c.

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