Ариллоид

Арилло́ид (от лат. arillus «кровелька», «мантия» и др.-греч. εἶδος «вид»), или ложный ариллус, или ложная кровелька — разрастание ткани наружного интегумента; позже из интегумента семязачатка развивается оболочка семени, поэтому ариллоид можно определить и как вырост семенной кожуры. Отличие ариллоидов от ариллусов («истинных ариллусов») состоит в том, что последние являются разрастанием тканей не интегумента, а семяножки.

Ариллоиды обычно содержат питательные вещества, которые привлекают потенциальных распространителей семян — в первую очередь муравьёв, а также птиц.

Ариллоиды характерны для семян растений из родов Клузия (Clusia), Копытень (Asarum), Миристика (Myristica) (в том числе для мускатного ореха), Пролеска (Scilla) и многих других.

Разновидности ариллоидов

По месту разрастания различают следующие разновидности ариллоидов^[1]:

кару́нкула (от лат. caruncula «мясистый вырост») — ариллоид, возникающий в результате разрастания в области семявхода;
строфиоль — ариллоид, возникающий в результате разрастания в области семенного шва.

Примечания

↑ Мордак Е. В. Семейство лилейные (Liliaceae) // Жизнь растений. В 6-ти т. / Гл. ред. А. Л. Тахтаджян. — М.: Просвещение, 1981. — Т. 6. Цветковые растения. / Под ред. А. Л. Тахтаджяна. — С. 72—91. — 543 с. — 300 000 экз.

Литература

Меликян А. П., Николаева М. Г., Комар Г. А. Семя // Жизнь растений. В 6-ти т. / под ред. А. Л. Тахтаджяна. — М.: Просвещение, 1980. — Т. 5. Ч. 1. Цветковые растения. — С. 84—91. — 430 с. — 300 000 экз.
Коровкин О. А. Анатомия и морфология высших растений: словарь терминов. — М.: Дрофа, 2007. — С. 15, 67—68, 174. — 268, [4] с. — (Биологические науки: Словари терминов). — 3000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-358-01214-1.

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