Хаято

Хаято (яп. 隼人, «люди-соколы») — исчезнувший народ, населявший в прошлом провинции Осуми и Сацума на юге острова Кюсю в Японии.

История

Нахождение хаято на Кюсю учёными установлено с периода Ямато до периода Нара включительно. В VIII - IX веках, после подавления восстания, этот народ был покорён японцами и постепенно ассимилирован. В настоящее время дальние потомки хаято проживают в районе города Симидзу, в префектуре Сидзуока. В кагосимском диалекте японского языка проявляется сильное влияние исчезнувшего языка хаято.

Культура хаято существенно отличалась от культуры населения других регионов Японии того времени; в частности, из этой культуры происходит танец хаятомай^[яп.]. Среди археологических находок, связываемых с хаято — деревянные щиты с S-образным знаком. О языке хаято мало что известно, кроме двух слов и нескольких личных имен, на основании которых японские исследователи предполагают, что хаято могли говорить на одном из австронезийских языков (возможно, родственном языку кумасо).

Литература

Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, translated from the original Chinese and Japanese by William George Aston. Book II, note 1, page 100. Tuttle Publishing. Tra edition (July 2005). First edition published 1972. ISBN 978-0-8048-3674-6
Kakubayashi, Fumio. 隼人 : オーストロネシア系の古代日本部族' Hayato : An Austronesian speaking tribe in southern Japan.'. The bulletin of the Institute for Japanese Culture, Kyoto Sangyo University, 3, pp.15-31 ISSN 1341-7207

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