Флинт (стекло)

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Флинт.

Флинт (от англ. flint — кремень), или флинтглас[1] (от нем. Flintglas) — тип бесцветных оптических стёкол, отличающихся малыми (менее 50) значениями коэффициента средней дисперсии, называемого также числом Аббе. Такие стёкла с относительно малыми показателями преломления называют лёгкими флинтами, а с большими — тяжёлыми[2]. В советской конструкторской документации разные сорта стекла флинтглас обозначались буквами: КФ — крон-флинт; БФ — баритовый флинт; ТБФ — тяжёлый баритовый флинт; ЛФ — лёгкий флинт; Ф — флинт; ТФ — тяжёлый флинт; ОФ — особый флинт[3].

Состав

Оптические стёкла, получаемые на основе использования кремнезёма и оксидов свинца, известны с XVII века. В Англии их получали путём варки в горшках без перемешивания стекломассы[4].

В состав большей части флинтов входит оксид свинца PbO. Силикатные флинты обычно кроме SiO2 и PbO содержат только щелочные окислы, при этом содержание PbO может достигать 70 мол. %, что приблизительно равно 90 мас. %[4].

Основой выпускаемых в настоящее время оптических стёкол типа флинтов (Ф) и тяжёлых флинтов (ТФ) также является тройная система из окислов кремния, свинца и калия, а некоторые марки флинтов содержат двуокись титана.

Как и баритовые кроны, баритовые (БФ) и особые флинты (ОФ), а также кронфлинты (КФ) могут содержать окись цинка и окись сурьмы. В состав боросиликатных флинтов типа ТБФ входят окислы редкоземельных элементов. Показатель преломления современных флинтов может превосходить значение 1,9.

Пример

Оксид Содержание, мол. %
SiO2
62
PbO
24
K2O
8
Na2O
6

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ Флинтглас // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907., [1] (недоступная ссылка) (недоступная ссылка с 14-06-2016 [3126 дней])
  2. ↑ Галант Е. И., Глебов Л. Б., Толстой М. Н. Оптическое стекло // Физическая энциклопедия / Гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. — М.: Большая Российская энциклопедия, 1992. — Т. 3. — С. 459—460. — 672 с. — 48 000 экз. — ISBN 5-85270-019-3.
  3. ↑ Справочник конструктора оптико-механических приборов, 1980, с. 645.
  4. ↑ 1 2 Немилов С. В. Оптическое материаловедение: оптические стекла. — СПб.: СПбГУ ИТМО, 2011. — С. 58. — 175 с.

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