Фиктивный капитал

Фиктивный капитал (от лат. fictio — вымысел) — концепция марксистской политэкономии; капитал, который, в отличие от реального капитала, представляет собой не стоимость, а лишь право на получение дохода. Существует параллельно с реальным капиталом.

В мейнстримной (общепринятой)[англ.] экономической теории фиктивным капиталом именуют чистую приведённую стоимость будущих движений денежных средств[1][2].

К фиктивному капиталу в марксизме относятся как земля, приносящая доход в виде ренты, так и банковский вексель, банкноты, не обеспеченные золотом, облигации государственных займов и акции. Реальный капитал функционирует в процессе производства, а ценные бумаги, начав самостоятельное движение на фондовой бирже в качестве фиктивного капитала, часто отклоняются от его реальной величины. Банковский капитал в значительной мере является фиктивным. Фиктивный капитал увеличивается значительно быстрее, чем реальный.

Фиктивный капитал характеризуется следующими признаками:

  • он представляет собой притязание на часть прибавочной стоимости в форме регулярного денежного дохода (процента),
  • это притязание является предметом купли-продажи, является особым товаром,
  • цена этого особого товара есть не что иное, как капитализация приносимого им дохода,
  • при устойчивости последнего цена фиктивного капитала регулируется нормой процента.

Литература

Примечания

  1. ↑ Bichler, Shimshon; Nitzan, Jonathan. Systemic Fear, Modern Finance and the Future of Capitalism (июль 2010). Дата обращения: 30 мая 2016. Архивировано 6 июля 2011 года.
  2. ↑ Nitzan, Jonathan[англ.]; Bichler, Shimshon[англ.]. Capital as Power. A Study of Order and Creorder (неопр.). — New York and London: Routledge, 2009. — Т. RIPE Series in Global Political Economy.

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