Пепломеры

Пепломеры (от греч. πέπλος — покров, мантия) — выраженные структуры в виде отростков на липопротеиновой оболочке (суперкапсиде), окружающей вирион.

Состав и строение

Схема оболочечного вируса на примере цитомегаловируса
Строение пепломера вируса SARS-CoV-2 (3D-печать)

Пепломеры, как правило, состоят из гликопротеинов и могут как пронизывать липопротеиновый слой суперкапсида вириона, так и не доходить до капсида. Длина — 5-10 нм.

Пепломер может состоять из отдельных мембранных белков или собираться с образованием димеров или тримеров, причём субъединицы могут быть одинаковыми (гомомер) или разными (гетеромер).

У разных вирусов пепломеры имеют различное строение:

Функциональная роль

Пепломеры выполняют следующие две основные функции:

  1. Рецепция и прикрепление. Позволяет вирусу распознавать специфические клеточные рецепторы и взаимодействовать с ними.
  2. Проникновение. Позволяет сливаться с клеточными мембранами, что позволяет геному вируса проникнуть внутрь клетки.

См. также

Примечания

Ссылки

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