Пентозы

Пентозы (от др.-греч. πέμπτος — «пять» + фр. -ose — суффикс, обозначающий принадлежность к сахарам) — общее родовое химическое название класса пятиуглеродных моносахаридов, то есть сахаров, общей формулой которых является C5(H2O)5, или C5H10O5.[1]

Строение молекул

В зависимости от наличия кето- или альдогруппы различают кетопентозы (рибулоза, ксилулоза и две 3-кетопентозы) и альдопентозы (рибоза, арабиноза, ксилоза, ликсоза).

У альдопентоз три хиральных центра и, следовательно, возможно наличие восьми различных стереоизомеров.

У 2-кетопентоз по два хиральных центра, и, следовательно, возможны четыре различных стереоизомеров.

В молекуле 3-кетопентоз один хиральный центр, поэтому возможно всего два стереоизомера.

Нахождение в природе

Альдопентозы и 2-кетопентозы широко распространены в природе, встречаются в свободном виде, входят в состав гликозидов, полисахаридов. Являются структурными компонентами нуклеиновых кислот. В виде фосфатов некоторые пентозы (например, рибулоза) участвуют в углеводном обмене.[2] 3-кетопентозы в природе встречаются крайне редко и в обменных процессах не участвуют.

См. также

Литература

  • Каррер, П. Курс органической химии. - М.: Химия, 1960. - 1216 с.
  • Кочетков, Н.К. Химия углеводов / Н. К. Кочетков, А. Ф. Бочков, Б. А. Дмитриев. – М.: Наука, 1967. – 672 с.
  • Березин, Б. Д. Курс современной органической химии: Учебное пособие / Б. Д. Березин. – М: Высшая школа, 1999. – 768 с.

Примечания

  1. ↑ Lindhorst, Th. K. Essentials of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry / Th. K. Lindhorst. — 1st. — Wiley-VCH, 2007. — 828 р.
  2. ↑ Овчинников Ю. А. Биоорганическая химия / Ю. А. Овчинников. — М.: Просвещение, 1987. — 815 с., ил.

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