Курахский союз

Историческое государство
Курахский союз вольных общин
лезг. Кьурагьрин кIватIал
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 →
XIV — 1812
Столица Курах
Язык(и) лезгинский язык
Религия Ислам (Суннизм)
Форма правления горская демократия

Курахский союз вольных общин (лезг. Кьурагьрин кIватIал)— лезгинское государственное образование на юге Дагестана, в западной части исторической области Кюра, существовавшее с XIV века до 1812 года.

География

Курах располагался в основном на территории нынешнего Курахского района, а также, частично на территории Хивского и Сулейман-Стальского районов. Основная река — Курах. С юга Курахский союз сельских общин граничил с Алтыпаринским и Ахтыпаринским вольными обществами по вершине Самурского хребта. На юго-западе граничил с Рутульским бекством. На севере с Казикумухским ханством.

История

В 1511-1512 годах войска сефевидского шаха Исмаила І и отряды ширваншаха заняли Кюру и нанесли поражение Курахскому союзу.[1] В 1585 году Курахское общество подверглось нападению со стороны турок. Столичное селение Курах было захвачено и разрушено. В 1604 году вспыхнуло крестьянское восстание против гнёта местных беков. Было перебито много угнетателей, однако, добиться победы не удалось. В 1735 году сёла Курахского союза подверглись нападению войск Надир-шаха. Завоевателю было оказано сопротивление, однако по причине неравности сил персы победили. Были проведены акты психологической деморализации населения путём бессмысленных жестокостей, массовых казней. В конце 18 века Курахские владения входят в состав Казикумухского ханства, а с 1812 года — в составе Кюринского ханства.

Административное и общественно-политическое устройство

В XV веке в Курахский союз входило шесть сёл: Курах, Шимихюр, Гельхен, Анкар, Кочхюр, Штул.[1]

Экономика

Панорама села Курах

Хозяйство сёл Курахского союза базировалось в основном на скотоводстве и земледелии. В высокогорных местностях преобладало террасирование. Зимой стада перегонялись в ширванские луга на выпас. Также население было занято народными промыслами — ковроткачество, ковка, прядение и др.

Примечания

  1. ↑ 1 2 Союзы сельских обществ Дагестана. Часть 5. Дата обращения: 11 июня 2012. Архивировано из оригинала 26 октября 2011 года.

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