Кафоликон

План смежных церквей монастыря Осиос Лукас
(вверху — церковь Богородицы, внизу — кафоликон)

Кафолико́н, или католико́н (греч. καθολικόν — «главный, общий храм») — главный (соборный) храм монастыря или монастырского комплекса. Часто в монастырях существуют несколько маленьких храмов, дополняющих кафоликон. Кафоликон обычно посвящается святому покровителю монастыря.

В поздней античности термином кафоликон обозначалось основное помещение храма, то же, что наос, у римлян — целла. В Византии этот термин не использовался. В поздневизантийское время он применялся для кафедрального храма епархии; то же, что собор.

В настоящее время термин «кафоликон» используется в русском языке для обозначения соборных монастырских храмов на территории Греции. Применительно к главным храмам монастырей в других странах принято использовать синоним «собор».

Литература

  • Беляев Л. А. Христианские древности. — М., 2000.
  • Byzantium (Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium). / A. Kazhdan et al. (eds.), 2 v. — New York — Oxford, 1991. — Р. 1116.
  • Krautheimer R. Early Christian and Bizantine Arhitecture. — 1986.
  • Mango C. Bizantine Architecture. — Milano — New York, 1985.

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