Исконное слово

Иско́нное сло́во — слово языка, сохранившееся в первоначaльном лексическом значении с древних времён, входящее в основу словарного запаса данного языка. Примерами исконно русских слов являются: «ладья», «жизнь». Противоположностью исконным словам по происхождению являются заимствованные слова[1].

Некоторые диалектизмы и профессионализмы могут быть исконными словами для конкретного региона.

Исконные слова и разделение «своё-чужое»

В языке с развитыми словоизменительными и словообразовательными средствами, например, в русском, ощущение «своих» и «чужих» слов не только зачастую не совпадает с их этимологией, но и «создаются довольно обширные группы [слов], относительно которых нельзя с достаточной уверенностью говорить как о заимствованных или как об образованных на русской почве»[2]. Например, «тесёмка, с тюркским по происхождению корнем, в русском языковом сознании не отличается от „исконной“ верёвки или бечёвки (стоит в одном словообразовательном ряду)»[3]. Е. В. Маринова приводит как пример заимствованное «аплодировать» и образованное от заимствованного корня в русском «инициировать»[4].

Примечания

  1. ↑ Группы слов по происхождению и употреблению // Марина Баронова. Русский язык. Полный справочник для подготовки к ГИА. Астрель, 2013 г.
  2. ↑ Крысин Л. П. Иноязычные слова в современном русском языке I Л. П. Крысин. — Москва : Наука, 1968. — 208 С. 119.
  3. ↑ Хабургаев Г. А. Заимствование как проблема лексикографии и исторической лексикологии русского языка // Вестник Московского университета : Серия 9 : Филология. — 1989. — № 4. — С. 3-9. С. 6.
  4. ↑ Маринова Елена Вячеславовна. Современное состояние проблемы «Своё vs. чужое» в отечественной лексикологии Архивная копия от 30 декабря 2018 на Wayback Machine // Научный диалог. 2012. № 8.).

Литература

  • Исконные слова // Казахстан. Национальная энциклопедия. — Алматы: Қазақ энциклопедиясы, 2005. — Т. II. — ISBN 9965-9746-3-2. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

При написании этой статьи использовался материал из издания «Казахстан. Национальная энциклопедия» (1998—2007), предоставленного редакцией «Қазақ энциклопедиясы» по лицензии Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 Unported.

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