Иберо-Америка

Карта Иберо-Америки

Ибе́ро-Аме́рика, или Ибероамерика, — определение, использующееся со второй половины XIX века для обозначения части мира, объединяющей испано- и португалоязычные государства Европы и Латинской Америки.

Термин происходит от названия Иберийского (Пиренейского) полуострова, на котором располагаются Испания и Португалия, захватившие в XVI—XVII веках земли Центральной и Южной Америки.

В России термин употребляется сравнительно редко, однако при МГИМО имеется Иберо-Американский центр, специализирующийся на иберо-американистике. При Институте Латинской Америки РАН существует Ассоциация исследователей ибероамериканского мира, издается журнал «IberoAmérica» на испанском языке. Всероссийская государственная библиотека иностранной литературы имени М. И. Рудомино располагает Ибероамериканским культурным центром.

История

Основная статья: Колонизация Америки

История Иберо-Америки начинается с завоевательных походов конкистадоров в страны Южной Америки.

В XVI—XVII веках под властью испанской короны были объединены почти все земли Центральной и Южной Америки. Часть земель находилась под властью португальской короны.

Государства Иберо-Америки

  • Испаноязычные государства: (более 400 миллионов человек)
Аргентина Аргентина 38,747,000
Боливия Боливия 9,182,000
Венесуэла Венесуэла 26,749,000
Гватемала Гватемала 12,599,000
Гондурас Гондурас 7,205,000
Доминиканская Республика Доминиканская республика 8,895,000
Испания Испания 47,116,000
Колумбия Колумбия 45,600,000
Коста-Рика Коста-Рика 4,401,000
Куба Куба 11,269,000
Мексика Мексика 107,029,000
Никарагуа Никарагуа 5,487,000
Панама Панама 3,232,000
Парагвай Парагвай 6,158,000
Перу Перу 27,968,000
Пуэрто-Рико Пуэрто-Рико 3,955,000
Сальвадор Сальвадор 6,881,000
Уругвай Уругвай 3,463,000
Чили Чили 16,295,000
Эквадор Эквадор 13,228,000
  • Португалоязычные государства: (около 200 миллионов человек)
Бразилия Бразилия 196,342,592
Португалия Португалия 10,495,000
  • Каталоноязычные государства:
Андорра Андорра 69,150

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