Ежевика (ягода)

Ягоды ежевики

Ежеви́ка — плод ряда растений рода Rubus (Розовые)[1][2].

По ботанической классификации плод ежевики не ягода, а многокостянка[3]. Состоит из нескольких десятков сросшихся костянок (плодиков с косточками)[1].

В процессе созревания плоды ежевики приобретают сначала зелёный, потом буроватый, а затем яркий красно-бурый цвет. Зрелые плоды ежевики имеют чёрный (чёрно-фиолетовый) цвет[1].

У Rubus caesius плоды чёрные с сизым налётом, поэтому кое-где их называют бирюзой, сизой ежевикой; у Rubus fruticosus налёта нет. Сок плодов тёмно-красный; вкус у зрелых ягод кисло-сладкий, слегка смолистый; в южных странах эти плоды сладковаты. Могут быть использованы для приготовления варенья. Оба вида очень распространены в умеренных и тёплых странах Европы до Скандинавии и западной части Архангельской области включительно. Самый морозостойкий вид — Rubus caesius; распространён по всей Европейской части России, в Сибири, на Алтае. Предпочитает расти на берегах рек, почвах пойменных лугов и на опушках лесов. Представляет собой листопадную стелющуюся лозу, с побегами достигающими длины 4—5 метров[4].

От малины, в том числе от её чёрных разновидностей, ежевика отличается тем, что срывается вместе с цветоложем, в то время как малина нет (то есть сорванная ягода малина полая в центре, а ежевика нет)[1][2].

Примечания

  1. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Sergio Tonetto de Freitas; Sunil Pareek. Postharvest Physiological Disorders in Fruits and Vegetables (англ.). — CRC Press, 2019. — P. 217—. — ISBN 978-1-351-97317-5.
  2. ↑ 1 2 CTI Reviews. Plant and Animal Biology (неопр.). — Cram101, 2016. — С. 144—. — ISBN 978-1-4902-6765-4.
  3. ↑ Жохова Елена Владимировна; Скляревская Нелли Владимировна. Ботаника (неопр.). — Scientific magazine "Kontsep, 2017. — С. 38—. — ISBN 978-5-9916-9920-4.
  4. ↑ Якимов, 2010, с. 24—25.

Литература

  • Якимов В. В. Ежевика в России. — Челябинск: Челябинский Дом Печати, 2010. — 312 с. — ISBN 978-5-87184-480-9.
  • Ярославцев Е. И. Малина и ежевика. — М.: Издательский Дом МСП, 2003. — 144 с. — ISBN 5-7578-0147-6.

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