Дисфотическая зона

Дисфотическая зона (от др.-греч «дис» (δυσ-) — приставка, обозначающая разделение, отделение, отрицание, и «фотос» (φωτός) — свет.) — водная толща водоёма, в которой вследствие недостатка солнечного освещения фотосинтез крайне незначителен. Одна из трёх экологических зон (наряду с эвфотической зоной и афотической зоной), выделяемых в водоёмах зависимости от степени освещённости солнечным светом и наличия фотосинтеза.

Экологические зоны Мирового океана

В континентальных водоёмах (прежде всего в озёрах) в зависимости от степени прозрачности воды толщина этой зоны очень заметно варьирует, и в случаях очень сильной замутнённости дисфотическая зона может начинаться уже в нескольких сантиметрах от поверхности.

К дисфотической зоне, средней по толщине промежуточной зоне пелагиали открытого океана (лежащей между приповерхностной эвфотической зоной и глубинной афотической зоной), обычно относят зону затухания солнечного света, или сумеречную зону, включающую нижний слой эпипелагиали (от 80—100 до 200 м), который подстилает приповерхностный слой основного фотосинтеза, и следующую за ней зону — мезопелагиаль (200—1000 м). В нижний слой эпипелагиали ещё проникает небольшая часть солнечного света, достаточного для фотосинтетической деятельности некоторых групп фитопланктона, представленного красными водорослями, однако роль фотосинтеза здесь по сравнению с эвфотической зоной ничтожна. В мезопелагиали, куда проникает до 1 % солнечного света, ещё могут существовать бурые водоросли[1], но фотосинтез практически отсутствует.

Из всего многообразия океанических рыб верхний слой дисфотической зоны населяют эпипелагические рыбы, нижний слой — мезопелагические рыбы и мезобатипелагические рыбы[2].

Примечания

  1. ↑ Какого цвета океан? // Вода и воздух. — М.: ООО «Мир книги», 2002. — Т. 10. — С. 97. — (Большая энциклопедия природы). — ISBN 5-8405-0197-2.
  2. ↑ Парин Н. В. Рыбы открытого океана. М.: Наука. 1988. 272 с.

Литература

  • Константинов А. С. Общая гидробиология. Учебник для вузов. 4-е изд. М.: Высшая школа. 1986. 472 с.
  • Чернова Н. М., Былова А. М. Общая экология. Издательство: Дрофа. 2004. 416 с.

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