Гильзейское княжество

Основная статья: Афганские ханства
Руины цитадели в столице Гильзейского княжества, городе Старый Кандагар (англ. Old Kandahar) в 1881

Гильзейское княжество — феодальное государство, существовавшее в территории Афганистана в XVIII—XIX веках. Княжество со столицей в Кандагаре было создано пуштунами (племя гильзаи), поднявшими восстание и отделившимися от Персии в 1709 году. В 1737 году Гильзейское княжество было разгромлено основателем иранской династии Афшаридов шахом Надиром.

История

Зарождение феодальных отношений среди пуштунских племён создало предпосылки для образования государства. Первые афганские ханства на племенной основе стали играть заметную политическую роль с XVI—XVII вв. на фоне кризиса империи Великих Моголов и феодальных междоусобиц в Средней Азии. С середины XVII в. племена абдали (Герат) и гильзаев (Кандагар) оказались под властью сефевидского Ирана. В начале XVIII века, гильзаи во главе с Мир Вайсом провозгласили Кандагар центром независимого государства и атаковали Иран, где сын Мир Вайса — Мир Махмуд захватил Исфахан и провозгласил себя в 1722 году шаханшахом. Вплоть до 1729 года, когда Надир-шах восстановил на троне шаха Тахмаспа, афганские предводители, сменяя друг друга в междоусобных схватках, находились в Исфахане. Но в конечном счете, из-за противоречий между племенами весь Афганистан был включен в державу Надир-шаха.

Правители

Южный Афганистан. Столица Старый Кандагар, в 6 милях к северо-западу от будущей столицы Канадгарского княжества города Кандагара.

Примечания

  1. ↑ Исламский мир // Правители Мира. Хронологическо-генеалогические таблицы по всемирной истории в 4 тт. / Автор-составитель В. В. Эрлихман. — М., 2002.

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