Аль-Узза

Аль-Узза
араб. العزى‎
Ал-Лат на льве, в окружении двух женских фигур, вероятно Аль-Узза и Манат. Рельеф II века н. э. из Хатры
Ал-Лат на льве, в окружении двух женских фигур, вероятно Аль-Узза и Манат. Рельеф II века н. э. из Хатры
Мифология арабская мифология
Толкование имени Могущественная
Пол женский
Астрологический символ Венера
Логотип Викисклада Медиафайлы на Викискладе

Аль-Узза (араб. العزى‎ — могущественная) — богиня планеты Венера. Встречается в домусульманской ономастике (см. Абд аль-Узза). Упоминается в Коране в суре Ан-Наджм:

Видели ли вы ал-Лат, ал-'Уззу и ещё эту третью — Манат? Неужели у вас [дети] — мужского пола, а у Него — женского? Ведь подобное деление [детей] было бы несправедливым. Они (т. е. божества) — всего лишь имена, которыми нарекли их вы и ваши отцы, и Аллах не ниспослал насчёт них никакого доказательства. Они следуют только догадкам и тому, чего жаждут их души. А ведь к ним пришло наставление на прямой путь от их Господа.

—  53:19—23 (Османов)

Аль-Узза была известна на Синае, в государствах Набатея, Лихйан под именем Хан-Уззай. Известна также y самудских арабов, арабов Южной Аравии и в Ираке. К V—VI векам аль-Узза заняла положение одного из верховных божеств Аравии, в частности у арабов центральной Аравии (Хиджаз, Хира, Набатея). На юге центральной Аравии аль-Узза выступает в качестве матери аль-Лат и Манат[1].

Основным центром поклонения аль-Уззе была долина Хурад около Мекки, в начале торгового пути в Сирию и Ирак. В Нахле, между Меккой и Таифом, находилось одно из святилищ аль-Узза (аль-Узза ас-Са’ида). Оно представляло собой три священных дерева — самура (акация), над которым было сооружено строение, покрытое покрывалом и священный камень. Туда совершались регулярные паломничества и приносили жертвы[2]. После завоевания Мекки пророк Мухаммад приказал Халиду ибн аль-Валиду разрушить этот идол[3].

Примечания

  1. ↑ Лундин, А. Г., 1988.
  2. ↑ Ислам: ЭС, 1991.
  3. ↑ Али-заде, 2007.

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