Iraționalism

Iraționalismul este o doctrină care respinge cunoașterea realității pe calea rațiunii și susține primatul intuiției, instinctului și trăirii asupra cunoașterii științifice raționale.[1]

Prin iraționalism se înțelege, de asemenea, orice încercare de a diminua rolul rațiunii într-un anumit domeniu al cunoașterii.[2] De exemplu, în științele naturale, iraționalismul se referă la acordarea unui rol mai important hazardului și incertitudinii decât determinismului cauzal, în timp ce în științele sociale, iraționalismul este asociat cu relativizarea cunoștințelor științifice interpretate ca fiind credințe create de o societate sau de o anumită civilizație umană.

S-a convenit să se facă distincția între două mari categorii de iraționalism:

  1. doctrinele care susțin că rațiunea nu poate determina cunoașterea realității (sau că nu poate ajunge decât la cunoașterea unei părți a realității), pentru că realitatea este incognoscibilă așa cum susțin scepticii (Pyrrhon, Hume), agnosticii, sofiștii, idealiștii, kantienii, pozitiviștii etc.;
  2. doctrinele care susțin că rațiunea nu poate determina cunoașterea realității (sau că nu poate ajunge decât la cunoașterea unei părți a realității), pentru că realitatea nu poate fi cunoscută prin rațiune, ci prin alte moduri de cunoaștere, în special prin intuiție sau „simțul interior”, poziție susținută de gânditorii mistici (Eckhart, Böhme), neoplatonicienii (Plotin, Paracelsus), filosofii idealiști (Schelling) și spiritualiștii (Bergson).

Cu toate acestea, în măsura în care depreciază rolul rațiunii în procesul cunoașterii, cea de-a doua categorie de iraționalism este desemnată cel mai des prin acest termen.

Note

  1. ^ Définition en ligne
  2. ^ « Irrationalisme », Grand Larousse Encyclopédique, Paris, Larousse, 1960-1964.

Vezi și

Acest articol legat de filosofie este un ciot. Puteți ajuta Wikipedia prin completarea lui!

Read other articles:

المنطقة الشمالية الوسطى

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (فبراير 2016) المنطقة الشمالية الوسطى تاريخ التأسيس 1971  تاريخ الإلغاء 1997  تقسيم إداري البلد المغرب  خصائص جغرا�...

 

Lighthouse Point, Florida

Not to be confused with Lookout Cay at Lighthouse Point. City in FloridaLighthouse Point, FloridaCityCity of Lighthouse Point SealNickname: LHPLocation of Lighthouse Point in Broward County in State of FloridaCoordinates: 26°16′29″N 80°5′22″W / 26.27472°N 80.08944°W / 26.27472; -80.08944Country United States of AmericaState FloridaCountyBrowardSettled (Hillsboro Isles Settlement)c. 1947–1951[1]Incorporated (Town of Lighthouse Point)...

 

Force de dissuasion nucléaire française

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Force de frappe. FranceArsenal nucléaire Programme Date de lancement 1954 Premier essai nucléaire 13 février 1960(Gerboise bleue) Premier essai Bombe H 24 août 1968(Canopus) Dernier essai nucléaire 27 janvier 1996 (Xouthos) Statistiques Charge nucléaire la plus élevée Canopus : 2,6 Mt[1],[2] Nombre maximal d'armes nucléaires ~ 540 (1991-1992)[3] Nombre total d'essais nucléaires 210 détonations[2] Arsenal courant < 300 ogives sur48 mis...

Bohemia Interactive

Bohemia Interactive a.s.JenisSwastaIndustriPermainan videoDidirikanMei 1999; Galat: first parameter cannot be parsed as a date or time. (1999-05)PendiriMarek ŠpanělOndřej ŠpanělSlavomír PavlíčekKantorpusatPraha, Republik CekoTokohkunciMarek Španěl(CEO)Slavomír Pavlíček(CFO)Pendapatan Templat:CZK (2016)[1]Laba operasi Templat:CZK (2016)[1]Total ekuitas Templat:CZK (2016)[1]Karyawan400+[2] (2023)Situs webbohemia.net Bohemia Interactive a.s....

 

Marcelo Goiano

Brazilian footballer In this Portuguese name, the first or maternal family name is Ferreira and the second or paternal family name is Teixeira. Marcelo Goiano Marcelo Goiano with BragaPersonal informationFull name Marcelo Augusto Ferreira TeixeiraDate of birth (1987-10-13) 13 October 1987 (age 36)Place of birth Goiás, BrazilHeight 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in)Position(s) DefenderYouth career2000 GoiásSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2011 XV de Jaú 7 (0)2011 Mineiros 2011 Int...

 

Robert Nouzaret

Questa voce sugli argomenti allenatori di calcio francesi e calciatori francesi è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti dei progetti di riferimento 1, 2. Robert Nouzaret Nazionalità  Francia Calcio Ruolo Allenatore (ex centrocampista) Termine carriera 1976 - giocatore2011 - allenatore CarrieraSquadre di club1 1964-1969 Olympique Lione98 (8)1969-1970 Bordeaux18 (0)1970-1972 Montpellier53 (4)1972-1974...

2021 National Rifle Association ransomware attack

October 2021 ransomware attackThis article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (November 2021) 2021 National Rifle Association ransomware attackDate October 17–24, 2021 (likely timeframe of hack) October 27, 2021 (release of documents by Grief) TypeData breach, ransomware scamTargetNational Rifle Association of America On October 27, 2021, a Russi...

 

Sartor Resartus

Novel by Thomas Carlyle Sartor Resartus Title page of the first American edition (1836)AuthorThomas CarlyleCountryGreat BritainLanguageEnglishGenreComic novel, sui generisPublisherFraser's MagazinePublication date1833–1834 Sartor Resartus: The Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdröckh in Three Books is an 1831 novel by the Scottish essayist, historian and philosopher Thomas Carlyle, first published as a serial in Fraser's Magazine in November 1833 – August 1834. The novel purports to be a ...

 

Founders Park

Baseball park at University of South Carolina This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (August 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Founders ParkThe Rock by the RiverFormer names...

Allie Wilson

American middle-distance runner (born 1996) Allie WilsonWilson at the 2019 USA Indoor Track and Field ChampionshipsPersonal informationNationality United StatesBorn31 March 1996 (28 years, 36 days old)[1]Home townWallingford, PennsylvaniaEducationStrath Haven High SchoolMonmouth University[2]Height5 ft 6 in (168 cm)[2]SportSportAthleticsEvent800 metresCollege teamMonmouth Hawks[2]ClubAtlanta Track Club[3]Coached byChri...

 

Ramakrishna V. Hosur

Indian biophysical scientist (born 1953) Ramakrishna V. HosurProfessor Hosur receiving the Padma Shri Award from President of India Pranab Mukherjee in 2014Born (1953-05-16) 16 May 1953 (age 71)IndiaOccupationBiophysical scientistSpouseMedhavini HosurChildrenPavan Hosur(son)Kirti Hosur Rai(daughter)AwardsPadma Shri Bruker Young Scientist AwardINSA Young Scientist MedalB. M. Birla AwardSociety for Cancer Research AwardJ. C. Bose National FellowshipProf. G. N. Ramachandran Gold MedalAchary...

 

ويكيبيديا:معلومة مشكوك في صحتها

هذه صفحة مساعدة لكيفية عمل شيء ما.تفصّل هذه الصفحة طرق أو إجراءات بعض جوانب قواعد وممارسات ويكيبيديا. هذه الصفحة ليست واحدة من سياسات أو إرشادات ويكيبيديا، حيث لم تفحص بدقة عبر المجتمع. إذا أوصلتك إحدى مقالات ويكيبيديا إلى هذه الصفحة، فهذا يعني أن المقالة تحوي معلومة مشكوك...

Andalucía Televisión

Not to be confused with Canal Sur Andalucía, formerly known as Andalucía Televisión. Andalucía TelevisiónTypeFree-to-air television networkAvailabilityAndalusiaAlso received: Spain: Ceuta, Melilla, Badajoz, Ciudad Real, Albacete, Murcia Portugal: Algarve, Baixo Alentejo GibraltarHeadquartersSevilleLaunch date28 February 2015 as Andalucía TelevisiónOfficial websiteCanal Sur Andalucía Televisión,[1] formerly known as Canal Sur HD is the first High Definition TV channel by Radio...

 

منزل دانش

منزل دانشمعلومات عامةنوع المبنى منزل[1][2] ممتلكات ثقافية[1][2] المكان كاشمرالمنطقة الإدارية مقاطعة كاشمر[2] البلد  إيرانالاستعمال متحف[2] (2020 – ) أبرز الأحداثالافتتاح الرسمي عقد 1930[1][2] الصفة التُّراثيَّةتصنيف تراثي المعالم الوطنية الإيران...

 

Cardiff and Vale College

School in Cardiff and Barry, WalesCardiff and Vale CollegeColeg Caerdydd a'r FroCity Centre CampusLocationCardiff and BarryWalesInformationEstablishedSeptember 2011; 12 years ago (2011-09)ChairGeraint EvansPrincipal and Chief ExecutiveMike JamesGendercoeducationalAge16+Enrolment20,000 Cardiff and Vale College abbreviated to CAVC (Welsh: Coleg Caerdydd a'r Fro), is a mixed-sex education Further Education college in Cardiff and the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. The college w...

Avro Lancaster

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Ланкастер (значения). 683 Lancaster Тип тяжёлый бомбардировщик Разработчик Avro Aircraft Производитель Avro Aircraft Главный конструктор Рой Чадвик Первый полёт 9 января 1941 Начало эксплуатации 1942 Конец эксплуатации 1963 (Канада) Статус актив�...

 

Santri

Orthodox Javanese religious movement March of the santri in Indonesia In Indonesia, santri is a term for someone who follows Islamic religious education in pesantren (Islamic boarding schools). Santri usually stay in the place until their education is complete. After completing their study period, some of them will serve the pesantren by becoming administrators. According to C.C. Berg, the term santri comes from Sanskrit shastri which means one who learns Hindu scriptures; it has the same roo...

 

ويكيبيديا:نقل صفحة

هذه صفحة مساعدة لكيفية عمل شيء ما.تفصّل هذه الصفحة طرق أو إجراءات بعض جوانب قواعد وممارسات ويكيبيديا. هذه الصفحة ليست واحدة من سياسات أو إرشادات ويكيبيديا، حيث لم تفحص بدقة عبر المجتمع. نقل صفحة يعني إعطاءها اسمًا آخر. سوف يُرفَق تاريخ الصفحة مع الصفحة ذات الاسم الجديد، وإذ...

Borisoglebskoye Airfield

Airport in Kazan, TatarstanBorisoglebskoye airfieldBorisoglebskiy hawa alanıАэродром Казань-БорисоглебскоеBorisoglebskoyeTu-160 at Borisoglebskoye during visit of Vladimir Putin in 2018IATA: noneICAO: UWKGSummaryAirport typepilot / militaryOperatorKAPO/Russian Air ForceLocationKazan, TatarstanElevation AMSL213 ft / 65 mCoordinates55°52′0″N 049°8′0″E / 55.86667°N 49.13333°E / 55.86667; 49.13333Websitehttp://oaokapo...

 

東日本大震災によるスポーツへの影響

東日本大震災によるスポーツへの影響（ひがしにほんだいしんさいによるスポーツへのえいきょう）では、東日本大震災によるスポーツへの影響について記述する。 野球 日本プロ野球 公式戦中止告知（京セラドーム大阪） 震災発生当日の2011年3月11日に挙行された日本プロ野球オープン戦4試合のうち、横浜ベイスターズ（現：横浜DeNAベイスターズ）対東京ヤクルトス�...