Heptoxid de diclor

Heptoxid de diclor
Identificare
Număr CAS12015-53-1
PubChem CID123272
Formulă chimicăCl₂O₇[1]  Modificați la Wikidata
Masă molară181,902108 u.a.m.[2]  Modificați la Wikidata
Proprietăți
Densitate1,9 g/cm³  Modificați la Wikidata
Punct de topire−91,57 °C  Modificați la Wikidata
Punct de fierbere82 °C  Modificați la Wikidata
Sunt folosite unitățile SI și condițiile de temperatură și presiune normale dacă nu s-a specificat altfel.

Heptoxidul de diclor (denumit și oxid de clor (VII)) este un compus chimic cu formula Cl2O7. Acest oxid de clor este anhidrida acidului percloric, de aceea mai poate fi numit și anhidridă perclorică. Este un lichid uleios și incolor.[3]

Obținere

Heptoxidul de diclor se obține prin distilarea sau eliminarea de apă a acidului percloric în prezența unui agent de deshidratare; cel mai des se folosește pentoxid de fosfor[4][3][5]:

2 HClO4 + P4O10 → Cl2O7 + H2P4O11

Oxidul de clor (VII) poate fi distilat din amestecul rezultat.

Proprietăți

Heptoxidul de diclor reacționează cu aminele primare și secundare în mediu de tetraclorură de carbon cu obținerea de N-perclorili:[6]

2 RNH
2
+ Cl
2
O
7
→ 2 RNHClO
3
+ H
2
O
2 R
2
NH
+ Cl
2
O
7
→ 2 R
2
NClO
3
+ H
2
O

De asemenea, reacționează cu alchenele cu obținerea de perclorați de alchil. De exemplu, în urma reacției cu propena într-o soluție de tetraclorură de carbon, se obține perclorat de izopropil și perclorat de 1-cloro-2-propil.[7]

Vezi și

Referințe

  1. ^ a b „Heptoxid de diclor”, Dichlorine heptoxide (în engleză), PubChem, accesat în  
  2. ^ „Heptoxid de diclor”, Dichlorine heptoxide (în engleză), PubChem, accesat în  
  3. ^ a b Nenițescu, Costin D. Chimie generală. București: Editura Didactică și Pedagogică. p. 680. 
  4. ^ Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon (). Inorganic chemistry. Tradus de Mary Eagleson; William Brewer. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 464. ISBN 0-12-352651-5. 
  5. ^ Pauling, op.cit., p. 253
  6. ^ Beard, C. D.; Baum, K. (). „Reactions of dichlorine heptoxide with amines”. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 96 (10): 3237–3239. doi:10.1021/ja00817a034. 
  7. ^ Baum, K. . (). „Reactions of dichlorine heptoxide with olefins”. The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 41 (9): 1663–1665. doi:10.1021/jo00871a048. 

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