Galeria Tretiakov

Galeria Tretiakov
Înființat[1]  Modificați la Wikidata
LocațiaLavrushinsky Ln, 10
TipulArtă bizantină
Baroc
Romantism
Realism socialist
...
Numărul vizitatorilor1.344.915
FondatorPavel Mihailovici Tretiakov[2]  Modificați la Wikidata
DirectorIrina Lebedeva
Prezență online
www.tretyakov.ru
Modifică date / text Consultați documentația formatului
Pavel Tretiakov, pictură de Ilia Repin (1883)

Galeria de Stat Tretiakov (în rusă Государственная Третьяковская галерея, Gosudarstvennaia Tretiakovskaia galereia) este un muzeu în Moscova fondat în 1856 de colecționarul de artă Pavel Tretiakov care a cumpărat opere ale artiștilor ruși contemporani cu scopul de a crea o colecție care a crescut până la dimensiunile unui muzeu.

În 1892 Tretiakov a prezentat națiunii ruse colecția sa, deja faimoasă, compusă din aproximativ 2.000 opere de artă (1.362 picturi, 526 schițe și 9 sculpturi)[3][4].

Fațada clădirii galeriei a fost proiectată de pictorul Victor Vasnețov în stilul specific basmelor rusești. Clădirea a fost construită în anii 1902-1904 la sud de Kremlin. În timpul secolului al XX-lea, galeria s-a extins cu mai multe clădiri învecinate, inclusiv biserica din secolul al XVII-lea Sf. Nicolae din Tolmachi.

Colecția conține mai mult de 130.000 de exponate, de la Sfânta Fecioară din Vladimir și Trinitate ale lui Andrei Rubliov la monumentala Compoziție VII de Vasili Kandinski și Pătratul Neagru, pictura lui Kazimir Malevici.

Istoric

Proiectul fațadei Galeriei Tretiakov, 1900
Clădirea galeriei Tretiakov din stradela Lavrușinski, 1913

Formarea galeriilor

Fondatorul galeriei este industriașul și filantropul Pavel Tretiakov, care a venit dintr-o familie de comercianți săraci. Împreună cu fratele său, Serghei, au creat manufactura de articole de îmbrăcăminte Kostroma, care i-a adus un venit constant. Ulterior, frații Tretyakov au devenit interesați de caritate și colecții de artă: Pavel - prin lucrări ale unor artiști ruși și Serghei - prin picturi de maeștri din Europa de Vest.[5][6][7][8]

Data creării galeriei este considerată a fi 1856, când Pavel Tretiakov a achiziționat două lucrări ale artiștilor contemporani ruși: "Tentația" lui Nikolay Schilder și "Lupta cu contrabandiștii finlandezi" de Vasili Khudiakov.[9] Acestea nu sunt primele lucrări cumpărate de patronul artelor, dar datele fiabile privind achizițiile anterioare nu au fost păstrate. Colecționarul a dorit să creeze un muzeu național, care să conțină lucrări ale unor artiști ruși.[10][7][11].

Filiale

  • Galeria Tretiakov din Lavrușinsky
    Galeria Tretiakov din Lavrușinsky
  • Clădirea de inginerie a galeriei Tretiakov
    Clădirea de inginerie a galeriei Tretiakov
  • Noua Galerie Tretiakov
    Noua Galerie Tretiakov
  • Biserica Sf. Nicolae din Tolmaci
    Biserica Sf. Nicolae din Tolmaci
  • Casa-muzeu a lui Viktor Mihailovici Vasnețov
    Casa-muzeu a lui Viktor Mihailovici Vasnețov
  • Memorialul muzeu-apartament al lui Apolinarie Vasnețov
    Memorialul muzeu-apartament al lui Apolinarie Vasnețov
  • Muzeul atelier al Anei Golubkina
    Muzeul atelier al Anei Golubkina

Galerie

Note

  1. ^ Pavel Tretyakov's Art Collection and the Gallery. 1856-1892 (în engleză), Galeria Tretiakov 
  2. ^ https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tretyakov-Gallery  Lipsește sau este vid: |title= (ajutor)
  3. ^ Korolev & Iovleva (1992), 13
  4. ^ "The donation of the Gallery to Moscow, 1892-1898". The State Tretyakov Gallery website. Accesat la 24 martie 2012.
  5. ^ Третьяковская галерея 2011.
  6. ^ „История создания Третьяковской галереи”. Мир природы. Accesat în . 
  7. ^ a b Пынина 2016.
  8. ^ „Этот день в истории: 1856 год — создание Третьяковской галереи”. EADaily. . Accesat în . 
  9. ^ „Из истории создания Третьяковской галереи”. Дилетант. Исторический журнал для всех. . Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . 
  10. ^ Павел и Сергей Третьяковы 2008.
  11. ^ „Павел Михайлович Третьяков и его галерея”. История Российской империи. Accesat în . 

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