Araneomorphae

Araneomorph spiders
Fosilă: triasic–Holocen
Chelicere labidognate la Phidippus johnsoni (Salticidae)
Clasificare științifică
Regn: Animalia
Încrengătură: Arthropoda
Clasă: Arachnida
Ordin: Araneae
Subordin: Opisthothelae
Infraordin: Araneomorphae
Smith, 1902
Secții

Araneomorphae (Labidognatha) este un infraordin de păianjeni. Acest infraordin cuprinde 93 de familii, 3 400 de genuri și peste 37 000 de specii. Din Araneomorphae fac parte majoritatea păianjenilor răspândiți pe Pământ.[1]

Etimologie

Numele provine de la cuvintele grecești αρὰχνη (arachne) - păianjen și μορφή (morphs) - formă, aspect.

Descriere

Spre deosebire de Mygalomorphae care au chelicerele orientate anterior, iar colțul în jos, păianjenii grupați în infraordinul Araneomorphae au colții chelicerelor direcționați unul spre celălalt. Acest tip de chelicere se numește labidognate. Aceasta le permite să vâneze animale cu dimensiuni mai mari decât ei. Araneomorfae include țesători capabili să construiască pânz de diferite forme. Spre deosebire de Mygalomorphae, care pot trăi până la 25 de ani, majoritatea speciilor de Araneomorphae mor după aproximativ un an.

Răspândire

Acești păianjeni sunt răspândiți în toate ecosistemele: Țesătorii-sferici își construiesc plasa în locuințele umane, păianjenul-crab își pândește prada din flori, Păianjenul-lup vânează prin fugă cu rețea în formă de roată.

Sistematica

În prezent infraordinul Araneomorphae se subdivizează în două ramuri: Hypochilae (care conține o singură familie, Hypochilidae) și Neocribellatae. Neocribelatele se împart la rândul lor în Austrochiloidea la care se adaugă două serii: Entelogynae și Haplogynae, fiecare conținând mai multe suprafamilii și familii.[2]

   Opisthothelae   

Mygalomorphae

   Araneomorphae   

Referințe

Commons
Commons
Wikimedia Commons conține materiale multimedia legate de Araneomorphae
  1. ^ Coddington, Jonathan A.; Levi, Herbert W. (). „Systematics and Evolution of Spiders (Araneae) STOR”. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics (în engleză). 22: 565–592. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.22.110191.003025. ISSN 0066-4162. JSTOR 2097274. 
  2. ^ Coddington, Jonathan A. (). „Phylogeny and classification of spiders” (PDF). În Ubick, D.; Paquin, P.; Cushing, P.E.; Roth, V. Spiders of North America: an identification manual. American Arachnological Society. pp. 18–24. 

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